{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:56:56Z","timestamp":1782867416482,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Learning Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Evaluate the application of risk estimates of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy to your patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma previously treated with rituximab.Include progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the differential diagnosis for neurological symptoms in your patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma previously treated with rituximab.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rituximab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that promotes better treatment outcomes in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Case series of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients receiving rituximab within polychemotherapy regimens have led to the introduction of a black box warning, but no risk estimation has ever been provided.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed a retrospective, monocentric cohort study on 976 NHL patients diagnosed in 1994\u20132008, including 517 patients who received at least one dose of rituximab.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Inclusion of rituximab into standard chemotherapy regimens for NHL caused a significantly higher incidence of PML cases (rate difference, 2.2 every 1,000 patient-years; 95% confidence interval, 0.1\u20134.3).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interpretation.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Based on this finding, clinical surveillance of PML-related symptoms is recommended in NHL patients exposed to rituximab.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2010-0098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,2]],"date-time":"2010-11-02T04:29:06Z","timestamp":1288672146000},"page":"1214-1219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Inclusion of Rituximab in Treatment Protocols for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas and Risk for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Tuccori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Division of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"d Tuscan Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance, Pisa, 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