{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T03:17:11Z","timestamp":1785381431278,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]],"date-time":"2011-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1295827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Learning Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Utilize data supporting the efficacy of low-dose definitive brachytherapy to inform clinical decisions about treating women with high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.Implement methods for delivering low-dose definitive brachytherapy that minimize toxicity.Communicate to patients the type and incidence of toxic events associated with low-dose definitive brachytherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Treatment of high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) is controversial and could include surgical excision, topical medication, brachytherapy, or other treatments. We report the results of low-dose-rate (LDR) vaginal brachytherapy for grade 3 VAIN (VAIN-3) over a 25-year period at Gustave Roussy Institute.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients and Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed the files of all patients treated at Gustave Roussy Institute for VAIN-3 since 1985. The treatment consisted of LDR brachytherapy using a personalized vaginal mold and delivered 60 Gy to 5 mm below the vaginal mucosa. All patients had at least an annual gynecological examination, including a vaginal smear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-eight patients were eligible. The median follow-up was 41 months. Seven patients had a follow-up &amp;lt;2 years, and the median follow-up for the remaining 21 patients was 79 months. The median age at brachytherapy was 63 years (range, 38\u201380 years). Twenty-six patients had a history of VAIN recurring after cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 24 had a previous hysterectomy. The median brachytherapy duration was 4.5 days. Median doses to the International Commission of Radiation Units and Measurements rectum and bladder points were 68 Gy and 45 Gy, respectively. The median prescription volume (60 Gy) was 74 cm3. Only one \u201cin field\u201d recurrence occurred, corresponding to a 5- and 10-year local control rate of 93% (95% confidence interval, 70%\u201399%). The treatment was well tolerated, with no grade 3 or 4 late toxicity and only one grade 2 digestive toxicity. No second cancers were reported.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>LDR brachytherapy is an effective and safe treatment for vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2010-0326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,25]],"date-time":"2011-01-25T05:50:57Z","timestamp":1295934657000},"page":"182-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Low-Dose-Rate Definitive Brachytherapy for High-Grade Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Pierre","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Radiation Oncology Department, Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie","family":"Monnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Radiation Oncology Department, Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Dumas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Physics Department, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Morice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c Surgery Department, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Pautier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"d Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Duvillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e Department of Pathology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fares","family":"Azoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Radiation Oncology Department, Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Mazeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Radiation Oncology Department, Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Haie-Meder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Radiation Oncology Department, Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, 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