{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:24:39Z","timestamp":1765758279171},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,6]],"date-time":"2011-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1302048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The survival of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) has improved during the past decades. However, there have been discrepancies between results reported from clinical trials and population-based studies. We aimed to elucidate the extent of these discrepancies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examined the 5-year survival rate of patients in clinical trials of CML treatment and compared these results with the survival of patients in the general population using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, correcting for differences in the age structure of the patient populations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-nine trials were identified for data extraction. The survival rate calculated from SEER data was lower than the survival rate in clinical trials in the corresponding period, with differences of 2.1%\u201350.7%. Age-adapted survival was similar for four trials, but differences up to 35.8% were seen in most. Limitations of the study include the lack of information on chemotherapy in the SEER database and possible heterogeneity of cases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The survival rate in clinical trials of CML treatment is higher than the survival rate of all patients with CML. We speculate that the difference may be a result of access to better medications, selection of healthier patients for trials, and the time necessary for adoption of new treatments. This finding underscores the need for population-based studies to give a more realistic idea of survival for patients with a given malignancy in the general population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2010-0393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,7]],"date-time":"2011-04-07T02:59:35Z","timestamp":1302145175000},"page":"663-671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Survival of Patients with Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia: Comparisons of Estimates from Clinical Trial Settings and Population-Based Cancer Registries"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Dianne","family":"Pulte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany;"},{"name":"b University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Gondos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Theresa","family":"Redaniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany;"},{"name":"c School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122303333273500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03420020117041","article-title":"Representation of American blacks in clinical trials of new drugs","volume":"261","author":"Svensson","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.15.1682","article-title":"Representation of the elderly, women, minorities in heart failure clinical trials","volume":"162","author":"Heiat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.08.027","article-title":"Population characteristics in cervical cancer trials: Search for external validity","volume":"192","author":"Yessaian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1987.5.6.962","article-title":"Eligibility and extrapolation in cancer clinical trials","volume":"5","author":"Begg","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.13045","article-title":"Recent trends in long-term survival of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia: Disclosing the impact of advances in therapy on the population level","volume":"93","author":"Brenner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(98)00082-4","article-title":"A long term follow-up of a randomized trial comparing interferon-alpha with busulfan for chronic myelogenous leukemia. The Kouseisho Leukemia Study Group","volume":"22","author":"Ohnishi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B7","first-page":"1810","article-title":"Survival with bone marrow transplantation versus hydroxyurea or interferon for chronic myelogenous leukemia. The German CML Study Group","volume":"91","author":"Gale","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062867","article-title":"Five-year follow-up of patients receiving imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"355","author":"Druker","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B9","volume-title":"Released April, 2009 based on November 2008 submission","author":"Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program Limited Use Data (1973\u20132006)","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2126(95)00032-J","article-title":"Effects of vitamin A on survival in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia: A SWOG randomized trial","volume":"19","author":"Meyskens","year":"1995","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V82.2.398.398","article-title":"Randomized comparison of busulfan and hydroxyurea in chronic myelogenous leukemia: Prolongation of survival by hydroxyurea. The German CML Study Group","volume":"82","author":"Hehlmann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4064","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.12.4064.bloodjournal84124064","article-title":"Randomized comparison of interferon-alpha with busulfan and hydroxyurea in chronic myelogenous leukemia. The German CML Study Group","volume":"84","author":"Hehlmann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s002770050547","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients after related- and unrelated-donor bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia","volume":"78","author":"Rieter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.thj.6200552","article-title":"Comparison of busulphan, hydroxyurea and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in chronic myeloid leukemia: BMT prolongs survival","volume":"5","author":"Olsson-Str\u00f6mberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hematol J"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401661","article-title":"Interferon alfa as primary treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia: Long-term follow-up of 71 patients observed in a single center","volume":"14","author":"Kloke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.5.1541","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of the Italian trial of interferon-alpha versus conventional chemotherapy in chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"92","author":"The Italian Cooperative Study Group on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1929.x","article-title":"Splenic irradiation before bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukaemia. Chronic Leukaemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)","volume":"95","author":"Gratwohl","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4368","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.12.4368.bloodjournal84124368","article-title":"Marrow transplantation for patients in accelerated phase of chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"84","author":"Clift","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92596-1","article-title":"UK Medical Research Council randomised, multicentre trial of interferon-alpha n1 for chronic myeloid leukaemia: Improved survival irrespective of cytogenetic response. The UK Medical Research Council's Working Parties for Therapeutic Trials in Adult Leukaemia","volume":"345","author":"Allan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.8.2713.2713_2713_2721","article-title":"Randomized study on hydroxyurea alone versus hydroxyurea combined with low-dose interferon-alpha 2b for chronic myeloid leukemia. The BeNeLux CML Study Group","volume":"91","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.6.2036.2036","article-title":"Marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia: A randomized study comparing cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation with busulfan and cyclophosphamide","volume":"84","author":"Clift","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707243370402","article-title":"Interferon alfa-2b combined with cytarabine versus interferon alone in chronic myelogenous leukemia. French Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Study Group","volume":"337","author":"Guilhot","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4408","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-10-3605","article-title":"Randomized comparison of low-dose versus high-dose interferon-alfa in chronic myeloid leukemia: Prospective collaboration of 3 joint trials by the MRC and HOVON groups","volume":"103","author":"Kluin-Nelemans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(02)00223-0","article-title":"A randomized study comparing interferon (IFN alpha) plus low-dose cytarabine and interferon plus hydroxyurea (HU) in early chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)","volume":"27","author":"K\u00fchr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.5.1527","article-title":"A randomized study of interferon-alpha versus interferon-alpha and low-dose arabinosyl cytosine in chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"99","author":"Baccarani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-003-0724-z","article-title":"A randomized study of intermediate as compared with high doses of interferon-alpha for chronic myeloid leukemia: No differences in cytogenetic responses","volume":"82","author":"Pe\u00f1arrubria","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4686","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-11-055186","article-title":"Drug treatment is superior to allografting as first-line therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"109","author":"Hehlmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-006-0186-1","article-title":"High-vs low-dose cytarabine combined with interferon alfa in patients with first chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia. A prospective randomized phase III study","volume":"86","author":"Deenik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-07-103523","article-title":"Favorable long-term follow-up results over 6 years for response, survival, and safety with imatinib mesylate therapy in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia after failure of interferon-alpha treatment","volume":"111","author":"Hochhaus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-008-0805-8","article-title":"A phase II study of continuous infusion of homoharringtonine and cytarabine in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: CALGB study 19804","volume":"63","author":"Stone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.13529","article-title":"The long-term durability of cytogenetic responses in patients with accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukemia treated with imatinib 600 mg: The GIMEMA CML Working Party experience after a 7-year follow-up","volume":"94","author":"Palandri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.13068","article-title":"Chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis treated with imatinib 600 mg: Outcome of the patients alive after a 6-year follow-up","volume":"93","author":"Palandri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.010629","article-title":"High rates of durable response are achieved with imatinib after treatment with interferon alpha plus cytarabine: Results from the International Randomized Study of Interferon and STI571 (IRIS) trial","volume":"94","author":"Guilhot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.12265","article-title":"Front-line treatment of Philadelphia positive chronic myeloid leukemia with imatinib and interferon-alpha: 5-year outcome","volume":"93","author":"Palandri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3428","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-08-103499","article-title":"Results of high-dose imatinib mesylate in intermediate Sokal risk chronic myeloid leukemia patients in early chronic phase: A phase 2 trial of the GIMEMA CML Working Party","volume":"113","author":"Castagnetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00305-X","article-title":"Are randomized clinical trials good for us (in the short term)? Evidence for a \u201ctrial effect.\u201d","volume":"54","author":"Braunholtz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19851001)56:7<1710::AID-CNCR2820560741>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Participants in prospective, randomized clinical trials for resected non-small cell lung cancer have improved survival compared with nonparticipants in such trials","volume":"56","author":"Davis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2007.11.020","article-title":"Accessibility to targeted drugs in Slovenia and selected European countries","volume":"44","author":"Kos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2021122303333273500_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5401","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-196543","article-title":"Prevalence, determinants, and outcomes of nonadherence to imatinib therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: The ADAGIO study","volume":"113","author":"Noens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["The Oncologist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1634\/theoncologist.2010-0393","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1634\/theoncologist.2010-0393","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article-pdf\/16\/5\/663\/41853824\/oncolo_16_5_663.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article-pdf\/16\/5\/663\/41853824\/oncolo_16_5_663.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T06:04:36Z","timestamp":1640239476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article\/16\/5\/663\/6400820"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1634\/theoncologist.2010-0393","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-7159","1549-490X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-7159","type":"print"},{"value":"1549-490X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,6]]}}}