{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:04:50Z","timestamp":1792523090107,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]],"date-time":"2016-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The incidences of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal cancer and its precursor lesion, anal intraepithelial neoplasia, are rising in the U.S. and globally. Five-year survival rates with current modalities of treatment for anal cancer are generally favorable for localized and regional disease. For metastatic disease, the relative survival rate is poor. Major contributing factors for the increase in anal cancer incidence include increasing receptive anal intercourse (hetero- and homosexual), increasing HPV infections, and longer life expectancy of treated people who are seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. Because treatment outcomes with systemic therapy in patients with advanced disease are so poor, prevention may be the best approach for reducing disease burden. The association of a major causative agent with anal cancer provides an excellent opportunity for prevention and treatment. The advent of the HPV vaccine for anal cancer prevention and treatment is a significant milestone and has the potential to greatly impact these cancers. The data regarding potential use of the HPV vaccine in anal cancer prevention and treatment are reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]],"date-time":"2016-03-09T22:28:50Z","timestamp":1457562530000},"page":"453-460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Current Perspective and Future Role in Prevention and Treatment of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Anal Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Felix A.","family":"Mensah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"b Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mudresh R.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"James S.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"},{"name":"d Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Craig","family":"Lockhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122309521303400_B1","volume-title":"Monographs on the Evalaution of carcinogenic risks to Humans : Human Papillomaviruses","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","year":"2007"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B2","volume-title":"Genital HPV infection - fact sheet","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B3","volume-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B4","volume-title":"SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Anal cancer","author":"National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B5","first-page":"364","article-title":"Management of anal cancer in 2010. Part 1: Overview, screening, and diagnosis","volume":"24","author":"Abbas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B6","first-page":"417","article-title":"Management of anal cancer in 2010. Part 2: Current treatment standards and future directions","volume":"24","author":"Abbas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B7","volume-title":"Cancer incidence in five continents vol IX. International Agency for Research on Cancer Scientific Publications","author":"Curado MP"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20364","article-title":"Anal cancer incidence and survival: the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results experience, 1973-2000","volume":"101","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21208","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2014","volume":"64","author":"Siegel","year":"2014","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B10","volume-title":"Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program: Anal cancer by race and ethnicity","author":"National Cancer Institute-","year":"2014"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320390050042","article-title":"Correlates of homosexual behavior and the incidence of anal cancer","volume":"247","author":"Daling","year":"1982","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92636-0","article-title":"High incidence of anal cancer among AIDS patients","volume":"343","author":"Melbye","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.5.2040","article-title":"Concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is superior to radiotherapy alone in the treatment of locally advanced anal cancer: Results of a phase III randomized trial of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Radiotherapy and Gastrointestinal Cooperative Groups","volume":"15","author":"Bartelink","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200412150-00004","article-title":"HIV-associated anal cancer: Has highly active antiretroviral therapy reduced the incidence or improved the outcome?","volume":"37","author":"Bower","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000162366.60245.02","article-title":"Increased incidence of squamous cell anal cancer among men with AIDS in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"32","author":"Diamond","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B16","article-title":"Immunodeficiency, HIV RNA levels, and risk of non-AIDS-defining cancers","volume-title":"Paper presented at: 17th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections","author":"Siverberg","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp205","article-title":"Risk of human papillomavirus-associated cancers among persons with AIDS","volume":"101","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91233-K","article-title":"Aetiological parallel between anal cancer and cervical cancer","volume":"338","author":"Melbye","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B19","first-page":"212","article-title":"Anal human papillomavirus infection and squamous neoplasia in patients with invasive vulvar cancer","volume":"83","author":"Ogunbiyi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-005-0023-3","article-title":"Anal cancer in renal transplant patients","volume":"22","author":"Patel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.03.064","article-title":"The economic burden of noncervical human papillomavirus disease in the United States","volume":"198","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1983.244","article-title":"Patterns of anal carcinoma by gender and marital status in Los Angeles County","volume":"48","author":"Peters","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1086\/652187","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for anal human papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with women: A cross-national study","volume":"201","author":"Nyitray","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.01.006","article-title":"Human papillomavirus concordance in heterosexual couples","volume":"47","author":"Widdice","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v21n04_07","article-title":"Continued high risk behaviors in HIV infected drug abusers","volume":"21","author":"Miguez-Burbano","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318181294b","article-title":"Heterosexual anal sex activity in the year after an STD clinic visit","volume":"35","author":"Tian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490903402538","article-title":"Heterosexual anal sexuality and anal sex behaviors: A review","volume":"47","author":"McBride","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Res"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B28","first-page":"7109","article-title":"[Sexually transmitted infection as a cause of anal cancer]","volume":"160","author":"Frisch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.18.1500","article-title":"Human papillomavirus-associated cancers in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Frisch","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199810000-00010","article-title":"Effect of HIV infection on the natural history of anal human papillomavirus infection","volume":"12","author":"Critchlow","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir1012","article-title":"Risk of anal cancer in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals in North America","volume":"54","author":"Silverberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199805000-00011","article-title":"High incidence of anal high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions among HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual and bisexual men","volume":"12","author":"Palefsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199804010-00004","article-title":"Virologic, immunologic, and clinical parameters in the incidence and progression of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual men","volume":"17","author":"Palefsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovir"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24215","article-title":"Human papillomavirus type distribution in anal cancer and anal intraepithelial lesions","volume":"124","author":"Hoots","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61416-0","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer","volume":"370","author":"Schiffman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11451","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.21.11451-11460.2004","article-title":"Mechanisms of human papillomavirus-induced oncogenesis","volume":"78","author":"M\u00fcnger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11691","article-title":"Mechanisms of genomic instability in human cancer: Insights from studies with human papillomavirus oncoproteins","volume":"109","author":"Duensing","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"2021122309521303400_B38","first-page":"S3\/106","article-title":"Chapter 12: Prophylactic HPV vaccines: underlying mechanisms","volume":"24","author":"Stanley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2021122309521303400_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.09.002","article-title":"Immune responses to human papillomavirus","volume":"24","author":"Stanley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"31","key":"2021122309521303400_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a003476","article-title":"Chapter 2: Natural history of anogenital human papillomavirus infection and neoplasia","author":"Schiffman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.51.2.96","article-title":"Aetiology, pathogenesis, and pathology of cervical neoplasia","volume":"51","author":"Arends","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B42","first-page":"1345","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infection and anal carcinoma. Retrospective analysis by in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"140","author":"Zaki","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199403000-00001","article-title":"Anal human papillomavirus infection and anal cancer in HIV-positive individuals: An emerging problem","volume":"8","author":"Palefsky","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"5a","key":"2021122309521303400_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00179-4","article-title":"Clinical presentation and natural course of anogenital warts","volume":"102","author":"Handsfield","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061760","article-title":"Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent anogenital diseases","volume":"356","author":"Garland","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061741","article-title":"Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent high-grade cervical lesions","volume":"356","author":"FUTURE II Study Group","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60946-5","article-title":"Efficacy of a prophylactic adjuvanted bivalent L1 virus-like-particle vaccine against infection with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in young women: An interim analysis of a phase III double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"369","author":"Paavonen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.1625","article-title":"Immunogenicity of 2 doses of HPV vaccine in younger adolescents vs 3 doses in young women: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"309","author":"Dobson","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr319","article-title":"Proof-of-principle evaluation of the efficacy of fewer than three doses of a bivalent HPV16\/18 vaccine","volume":"103","author":"Kreimer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g7584","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7584","article-title":"Comparison of two dose and three dose human papillomavirus vaccine schedules: Cost effectiveness analysis based on transmission model","volume":"350","author":"Jit","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.4147","article-title":"HPV vaccination: Too soon for 2 doses?","volume":"309","author":"Kahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B52","first-page":"1705","article-title":"Recommendations on the use of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in males\u2013Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2011","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010971","article-title":"HPV vaccine against anal HPV infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"365","author":"Palefsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-00009577-200605000-00020","article-title":"Prime-boost vaccination strategy in women with high-grade, noncervical anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia: Clinical results from a multicenter phase II trial","volume":"16","author":"Fiander","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"issue":"23","key":"2021122309521303400_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a024166","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infection and anogenital neoplasia in human immunodeficiency virus-positive men and women","author":"Palefsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199807010-00007","article-title":"Is HIV infection a risk factor for advanced cervical cancer?","volume":"18","author":"Fruchter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovir"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70213-3","article-title":"Efficacy of a bivalent HPV 16\/18 vaccine against anal HPV 16\/18 infection among young women: A nested analysis within the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial","volume":"12","author":"Kreimer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1086\/656320","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in HIV-1-infected men","volume":"202","author":"Wilkin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir1036","article-title":"Prevention of recurrent high-grade anal neoplasia with quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination of men who have sex with men: A nonconcurrent cohort study","volume":"54","author":"Swedish","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.24","article-title":"Imiquimod leads to a decrease of human papillomavirus DNA and to a sustained clearance of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected men","volume":"128","author":"Kreuter","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e318227833e","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of infrared coagulator ablation of anal high-grade dysplasia in men who have sex with men","volume":"54","author":"Goldstone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-006-0874-x","article-title":"Infrared coagulator ablation of high-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-negative males who have sex with males","volume":"50","author":"Goldstone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B63","first-page":"1028","article-title":"Encapsulated plasmid DNA treatment for human papillomavirus 16-associated anal dysplasia: A phase I study of ZYC101","volume":"8","author":"Klencke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-005-0229-z","article-title":"Expectant management of anal squamous dysplasia in patients with HIV","volume":"49","author":"Devaraj","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.6.1.3672","article-title":"Colorectal cancer: New advances in immunotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Cubas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Ther"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.06.068","article-title":"Conjugation of HPV16 E7 to cholera toxin enhances the HPV-specific T-cell recall responses to pulsed dendritic cells in vitro in women with cervical dysplasia","volume":"28","author":"Nurkkala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1517\/14728214.2012.744393","article-title":"Emerging human papillomavirus vaccines","volume":"17","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin Emerg Drugs"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.13.23","article-title":"Human papillomavirus therapeutic vaccines: targeting viral antigens as immunotherapy for precancerous disease and cancer","volume":"12","author":"Morrow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B69","first-page":"5205","article-title":"Vaccinia-expressed human papillomavirus 16 and 18 e6 and e7 as a therapeutic vaccination for vulval and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"9","author":"Baldwin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181b7354c","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study to determine the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an HPV-16 therapeutic vaccine in HIV-positive participants with oncogenic HPV infection of the anus","volume":"52","author":"Anderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovir"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cgt.7700937","article-title":"Regression of papilloma high-grade lesions (CIN 2 and CIN 3) is stimulated by therapeutic vaccination with MVA E2 recombinant vaccine","volume":"13","author":"Garc\u00eda-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810097","article-title":"Vaccination against HPV-16 oncoproteins for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"361","author":"Kenter","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B73","volume-title":"Therapeutic HPV-16 Vaccination for the Treatment of Anal Dysplasia (VACCAIN-T). [Clinical trial]","author":"Prins"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B74","first-page":"258","article-title":"Human papillomavirus-associated cancers - United States, 2004-2008","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B75","volume-title":"2011 Archived teen vaccination coverage","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.6041","article-title":"State vaccination requirements for HPV and other vaccines for adolescents, 1990-2015","volume":"314","author":"Schwartz","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B77","article-title":"Human papillomavirus control. How are we going with vaccination coverage seven years in?","volume-title":"Poster presented at Communicable Disease Control Conference 2015","author":"Brosi","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B78","volume-title":"Human papillomavirus immunisation programme review: 2008 to 2014","author":"Public Health England","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90912","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090912","article-title":"Knowledge and awareness of HPV vaccine and acceptability to vaccinate in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Perlman","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B80","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and related diseases in Mexico","volume-title":"Summary Report","author":"Bruni","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B81","first-page":"163","article-title":"Paving pathways: Brazil\u2019s implementation of a national human papillomavirus immunization campaign","volume":"38","author":"Baker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"2021122309521303400_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70101-8","article-title":"Screening for anal cancer: Endpoints needed","volume":"13","author":"Wentzensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"}],"container-title":["The Oncologist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0075","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0075","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article-pdf\/21\/4\/453\/41874340\/oncolo_21_4_453.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article-pdf\/21\/4\/453\/41874340\/oncolo_21_4_453.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T23:01:48Z","timestamp":1640300508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article\/21\/4\/453\/6401325"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0075","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.726210449.793550954","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1083-7159","1549-490X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-7159","type":"print"},{"value":"1549-490X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]]}}}