{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T17:35:28Z","timestamp":1783532128634,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) thalidomide and lenalidomide have both been tested for treatment of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, with lenalidomide, in particular, showing promising activity. However, long-term results are missing. Because of the late-onset remissions registered in individual patients, we have systemically analyzed the patients treated with IMiDs at our institution for long-term results.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Within the present retrospective analysis, we identified 25 patients who had been treated with lenalidomide (n = 18) or thalidomide (n = 7) and were available for long-term assessments of outcome. All patients were followed up according to a standardized follow-up protocol.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 25 patients, 7 (28%) experienced delayed-onset responses without further treatment (thalidomide, n = 2; lenalidomide, n = 5). In 4 patients (16%), the initial outcome switched to a better result (partial remission [PR] to complete remission [CR], n = 1; stable disease [SD] to PR, n = 1; SD to CR, n = 1; and PD to CR, n = 1) after a median time of 19.5 months (range, 10.9\u201332.0). Furthermore, 2 patients showed ongoing shrinkage of the target lesion for 47.4+ and 43.5+ months, respectively, and 1 patient had durable disease stabilization for 16.2+ months. The median time to the best response for all responding patients (13 of 25; 53%) was 7.3 months (interquartile range [IQR], 5.6\u201322.5). After a median follow-up of 46 months (IQR, 32.0\u201358.5), 23 of 25 patients (92%) were alive.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings suggest that late-onset remissions might be a common phenomenon in the use of IMiDs for the treatment of MALT lymphoma. Thus, sufficient follow-up time after treatment before the initiation of further therapy appears crucial to assess the full effect of therapy and avoid unnecessary overtreatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T03:38:49Z","timestamp":1448941129000},"page":"72-75","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Delayed Efficacy After Treatment With Lenalidomide or Thalidomide in Patients With Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Kiesewetter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"Troch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius E.","family":"Mayerhoefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Department of Radiology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Dolak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c Clinical Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Simonitsch-Klupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"d Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Raderer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122309374316400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0109","article-title":"Chemoimmunotherapy for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphoma: A review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Kiesewetter","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Oncologist"},{"key":"2021122309374316400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdp349","article-title":"Absence of efficacy of thalidomide monotherapy in patients with extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)","volume":"20","author":"Troch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2021122309374316400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2012.065995","article-title":"A phase II study of lenalidomide in patients with extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)","volume":"98","author":"Kiesewetter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"2021122309374316400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12078","article-title":"GELA histological scoring system for post-treatment biopsies of patients with gastric MALT lymphoma is feasible and reliable in routine practice","volume":"160","author":"Copie-Bergman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2021122309374316400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.096420","article-title":"Most patients with minimal histological residuals of gastric MALT lymphoma after successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori can be managed safely by a watch and wait strategy: Experience from a large international series","volume":"56","author":"Fischbach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2021122309374316400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.224949","article-title":"EGILS consensus report: Gastric extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT","volume":"60","author":"Ruskon\u00e9-Fourmestraux","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2021122309374316400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds643","article-title":"ESMO consensus conferences: Guidelines on malignant lymphoma. 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