{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:48:33Z","timestamp":1789541313628,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"NCI cooperative group research grants","award":["U10CA033601, U10CA180882, U10CA180821, U10CA180838, U10CA180857, U10CA180866, U10CA180836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10CA033601, U10CA180882, U10CA180821, U10CA180838, U10CA180857, U10CA180866, U10CA180836"]}]},{"name":"NIA R21 grant","award":["5R21AG042894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21AG042894"]}]},{"name":"VA Career Development Award"},{"name":"PCFB grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate whether progression-free survival (PFS) can be considered a surrogate endpoint for overall survival (OS) in malignant mesothelioma.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Individual data were collected from 15 Cancer and Leukemia Group B (615 patients) and 2 North Central Cancer Treatment Group (101 patients) phase II trials. The effects of 5 risk factors for OS and PFS, including age, histology, performance status (PS), white blood cell count, and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk score, were used in the analysis. Individual-level surrogacy was assessed by Kendall\u2019s tau through a Clayton bivariate Copula survival (CBCS) model. Summary-level surrogacy was evaluated via the association between logarithms of the hazard ratio (log HR)\u2014log HROS and log HRPFS\u2014measured in R2 from a weighted least-square (WLS) regression model and the CBCS model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The median PFS for all patients was 3.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8\u20133.5 months) and the median OS was 7.2 months (95% CI, 6.5\u20138.0 months). Moderate correlations between PFS and OS were observed across all risk factors at the individual level, with Kendall\u2019s tau ranging from 0.46 to 0.47. The summary-level surrogacy varied among risk factors. The Copula R2 ranged from 0.51 for PS to 0.78 for histology. The WLS R2 ranged from 0.26 for EORTC and PS to 0.67 for age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The analyses demonstrated low to moderate individual-level surrogacy between PFS and OS. At the summary level, the surrogacy between PFS and OS varied significantly across different risk factors. With a short postprogression survival and a moderate correlation between PFS and OS, there is no evidence that PFS is a valid surrogate endpoint for OS in malignant mesothelioma.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2016-0121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,11]],"date-time":"2017-02-11T02:00:15Z","timestamp":1486778415000},"page":"189-198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Validation of Progression-Free Survival as a Surrogate Endpoint for Overall Survival in Malignant Mesothelioma: Analysis of Cancer and Leukemia Group B and North Central Cancer Treatment Group (Alliance) Trials"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Alliance Statistics and Data Center Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 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