{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:18:29Z","timestamp":1761920309340},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) can secrete hormonal peptides that lead to additional symptom burdens. However, it is largely unknown whether and to what extent the additional symptom burdens translate into higher costs of care. This study aimed to examine the cost pattern of elderly NET patients during the first year of diagnosis, taking into account of the carcinoid syndrome status.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare data to identify elderly NET patients diagnosed between January 2003 and December 2011. Patients who had at least two claims indicative of carcinoid syndrome during the 3 months before and after the NET diagnosis were considered to have carcinoid syndrome. We adopted a payer's perspective and quantified economic outcomes using the following three measures: (a) total Medicare reimbursement amount, (b) inpatient amount, and (c) outpatient amount. We used a generalized linear model (GLM) to examine the association between syndrome and costs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study cohort included 6,749 elderly NET well-differentiated and moderately differentiated patients. Of these patients, 5,633 (83%) were alive 1 year after diagnosis with continuous enrollment, and 1,116 (17%) died within 1 year. The multivariable GLM showed significant association between the syndrome and higher total, inpatient, and outpatient costs among the group who survived the whole year; the association was insignificant among the group who died within the first year of diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This population-based study showed that NET patients with carcinoid syndrome incurred higher costs of care especially among those who survived the first year of diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2017-0149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T00:50:31Z","timestamp":1498179031000},"page":"1451-1462","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Carcinoid Syndrome and Costs of Care During the First Year After Diagnosis of Neuroendocrine Tumors Among Elderly Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Chan","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiyi","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Halperin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Dasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shouhao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-Chen Tina","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122509032998000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.4377","article-title":"One hundred years after \u201ccarcinoid\u201d: Epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35,825 cases in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Yao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122509032998000_R2","author":"Shen","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021122509032998000_R3","author":"Dasari","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021122509032998000_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3182328045","article-title":"Comparison of health-related quality of life in patients with neuroendocrine tumors with quality of life in the general US population","volume":"41","author":"Beaumont","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"2021122509032998000_R5","first-page":"637","article-title":"The malignant carcinoid syndrome","volume":"137","author":"Davis","year":"1973","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2021122509032998000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198511073131916","article-title":"Rapid reversal of carcinoid crisis with a somatostatin analogue","volume":"313","author":"Kvols","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021122509032998000_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198609113151102","article-title":"Treatment of the malignant carcinoid syndrome. 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