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Routine histological or cytological evaluation can reliably make the diagnosis of SCLC, and immunohistochemistry stains (thyroid transcription factor-1, chromogranin, synaptophysin, and CD56) can be used if there is uncertainty about the diagnosis. Rarely do patients present with SCLC amendable to surgical resection, and evaluation requires a meticulous workup for extra-thoracic metastases and invasive staging of the mediastinum. Resected patients require adjuvant chemotherapy and\/or thoracic radiation therapy (TRT), and prophylactic cranial radiation (PCI) should be considered depending on the stage. For limited-stage disease, concurrent platinum-etoposide and TRT followed by PCI is the standard. Thoracic radiation therapy should be started early in treatment, and can be given twice daily to 45 Gy or once daily to 60\u201370 Gy. For extensive-stage disease, platinum-etoposide remains the standard first-line therapy, and the standard second-line therapy is topotecan. Preliminary studies have demonstrated the activity of immunotherapy, and the response rate is approximately 10\u201330% with some durable responses observed. Rovalpituzumab tesirine, an antibody drug conjugate, has shown promising activity in patients with high delta-like protein 3 tumor expression (approximately 70% of patients with SCLC). The emergence of these and other promising agents has rekindled interest in drug development in SCLC. Several ongoing trials are investigating novel agents in the first-line, maintenance, and second-line settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2017-0204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,5]],"date-time":"2017-08-05T00:20:19Z","timestamp":1501892419000},"page":"1510-1517","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Current Treatments for Surgically Resectable, Limited-Stage, and Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Stinchcombe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122509032821300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21387","article-title":"Cancer Statistics, 2017","volume":"67","author":"Siegel","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2021122509032821300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4539","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.4859","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of small-cell lung cancer in the United States over the last 30 years: Analysis of the surveillance, epidemiologic, and end results database","volume":"24","author":"Govindan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122509032821300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2014.08.001","article-title":"Patterns in lung cancer incidence rates and trends by histologic type in the United States, 2004\u20132009","volume":"86","author":"Houston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"2021122509032821300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28749","article-title":"US lung cancer trends by histologic type","volume":"120","author":"Lewis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2021122509032821300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1607538","article-title":"Tobacco-product use by adults and youths in the United States in 2013 and 2014","volume":"376","author":"Kasza","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021122509032821300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000630","article-title":"The 2015 World Health Organization classification of lung tumors: Impact of genetic, clinical and radiologic advances since the 2004 classification","volume":"10","author":"Travis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"2021122509032821300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.12.004","article-title":"The use of immunohistochemistry improves the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer and its differential diagnosis. 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