{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:31:01Z","timestamp":1792099861252,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Small cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SmCCHNs) are rare neoplasms with an unfavorable prognosis. Population-based data describing survival and prognostic factors for SmCCHN are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were obtained from the U.S. National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for 1973\u20132013. Patient and tumor-related characteristics for SmCCHN were compared with those for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Survival was compared by constructing Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models with and without propensity score matching.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The data set included 609 SmCCHN and 227,943 SCCHN cases. Both histological subtypes were more common in men than women and more common in white patients. SmCCHN was most likely to originate in the larynx, glottis and hypopharynx, or salivary glands and to present with more advanced stage and grade. SCCHN was most likely to originate in the oral cavity and was found infrequently in the salivary glands. Overall 5- and 10-year survival estimates were 27% and 18% for SmCCHN and 46% and 31% for SCCHN, respectively. In multivariable survival analyses adjusting for age, sex, race, marital status, year of diagnosis, stage, grade, and receipt of radiation, the hazard ratio (HR) comparing SmCCHN with SCCHN was 1.53 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) from 1.39 to 1.68. Average 5-year survival varied widely between the histologic types when comparing tumor sites: 14.5% for SmCCHN versus 48.9% for SCCHN in the oropharynx. In propensity score matched analyses, the corresponding HR was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.15\u20131.40).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with SCCHN, SmCCHN carries a worse survival and is more likely to present with more advanced stage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Small cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SmCCHN) is a rare subtype of head and neck cancer. In this Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data analysis, the characteristics and survival of SmCCHN are compared with those of the common squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Results show that SmCCHN carries a worse prognosis and tends to present at a more advanced stage; SmCCHN also is ten times more likely to originate from the salivary glands. These findings may have implications for clinical practice, as location of the tumor may strongly associate with the pathologic diagnosis. If a SmCCHN is diagnosed, a disseminated disease is likely; hence vigilance in staging procedures is indicated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T15:09:05Z","timestamp":1565190545000},"page":"1562-1569","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Small Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck: Comparing Incidence and Survival Trends Based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Data"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Marta B.","family":"Bean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renjain","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conor Ernst","family":"Steuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihir","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark William","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin Ann","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan Jay","family":"Beitler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Moon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabil F.","family":"Saba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2006.10.024","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A review","volume":"34","author":"Renner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2015.05.002","article-title":"Controversies in small cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) after primary complete initial remission","volume":"41","author":"De Felice","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bcr2016216370","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-216370","article-title":"Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of tracheostomy site in a patient with a history of juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis","volume":"2016","author":"Violet Wilmot","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.08.014","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the head and neck: The University of Miami experience","volume":"74","author":"Hatoum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215106000594","article-title":"Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses","volume":"120","author":"Babin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860601071893","article-title":"Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma: Single center experience with 61 patients","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26406","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A comparative study by primary site based on population data","volume":"127","author":"Kuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1159\/000276220","article-title":"Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx","volume":"53","author":"Gnepp","year":"1991","journal-title":"A critical review of the literature. J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.04.009","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the head and neck: An analysis of the National Cancer Database","volume":"69","author":"Pointer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-3501-x","article-title":"Human papillomavirus-associated small cell carcinoma\/neuroendocrine carcinoma of the oropharynx: A report of two cases","volume":"5","author":"Misawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31823f2f17","article-title":"HPV-associated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the oropharynx: A rare new entity with potentially aggressive clinical behavior","volume":"36","author":"Kraft","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-016-1982-1","article-title":"p16 overexpression in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the head and neck: Potential diagnostic pitfall with HPV-related carcinomas","volume":"469","author":"Alos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000147920.66486.bc","article-title":"The changing demographics of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the United States","volume":"114","author":"Sikora","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20006","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2009","volume":"59","author":"Jemal","year":"2009","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912217","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"363","author":"Ang","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-509X.200668","article-title":"Human papillomavirus\/p16 positive head and neck cancer in India: Prevalence, clinical impact, and influence of tobacco use","volume":"53","author":"Murthy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Cancer"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14129","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"517","author":"Cancer Genome Atlas Network","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23666","article-title":"Clinical recommendations on the treatment of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx: A meta-analysis of 436 reported cases","volume":"37","author":"Laan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0019","author":"National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0020","author":"Parsons"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2580","article-title":"A comparison of the ability of different propensity score models to balance measured variables between treated and untreated subjects: A Monte Carlo study","volume":"26","author":"Austin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1989.10478874","article-title":"The robust inference for the Cox proportional hazards model","volume":"84","author":"Lin","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"2021122508135412300_onco13069-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1545","article-title":"Postoperative survival and the number of lymph nodes sampled during resection of node-negative non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"128","author":"Ludwig","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["The Oncologist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0054","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0054","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article-pdf\/24\/12\/1562\/41918554\/oncolo_24_12_1562.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article-pdf\/24\/12\/1562\/41918554\/oncolo_24_12_1562.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T18:32:47Z","timestamp":1695061967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article\/24\/12\/1562\/6439525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0054","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-7159","1549-490X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-7159","type":"print"},{"value":"1549-490X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]]}}}