{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:27:55Z","timestamp":1783038475879,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]],"date-time":"2019-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Anti\u2013programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy has greatly improved outcomes of patients with melanoma; however, many fail to respond. Although preclinical studies suggest a potentially synergistic relationship with anti-PD-1 therapy and certain concurrent medications, their clinical role remains unclear. Here, we retrospectively evaluated the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other drugs in 330 patients with melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 therapy from four academic centers. In the cohort, 37% of patients used NSAIDs including aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid; ASA; 47%), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors (2%), and non-ASA\/nonselective COX inhibitor NSAIDs (59%). The objective response rates (ORRs) were similar in patients with NSAID (43.4%) and no NSAID (41.3%) use with no significant difference in overall suvival (OS). There was a trend toward improved progression-free survival (PFS) in patients who took NSAIDs (median PFS: 8.5 vs. 5.2 months; p = .054). Most patients (71.3%) took NSAIDs once daily or as needed. Multivariate analysis did not reveal an association with NSAID use with ORR, PFS, or OS. Concurrent use of metformin or beta blockers did not affect ORR, PFS, or OS. Our study found no conclusive association of concurrent NSAID or other medication use with improved outcomes in patients with melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 therapy. Larger and more systematic analysis is required to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]],"date-time":"2019-11-29T21:35:15Z","timestamp":1575063315000},"page":"e602-e605","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["The Impact of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Beta Blockers, and Metformin on the Efficacy of Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Advanced Melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Daniel Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"McQuade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajat R.","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Beckermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel M.","family":"Rubinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romany","family":"Johnpulle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina V.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo S.","family":"Carlino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Menzies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas B.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122510225354900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232227","article-title":"Neutralizing tumor-promoting chronic inflammation: A magic bullet?","volume":"339","author":"Coussens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021122510225354900_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021122510225354900_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198612253152606","article-title":"Tumors: Wounds that do not heal. 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