{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T21:12:35Z","timestamp":1773177155622,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title\/>\n                  <jats:p>The addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to the armamentarium of cancer therapies has resulted in unprecedented improvement in clinical outcomes for a vast range of malignancies. Because they interfere with the physiologic function of immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death protein 1 or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, to promote self-tolerance, these agents are associated with a unique spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Immune-mediated endocrinopathies are among the most commonly noted irAEs. Immune-mediated diabetes is an uncommon irAE but can be associated with significant morbidity if it is not recognized and treated in a time-sensitive manner. In this manuscript, we present a case based discussion and review of the literature pertaining to immune-mediated diabetes associated with immune checkpoint blockade.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitor associated diabetes mellitus often resembles type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in its pathophysiology and clinical manifestations. However, some patients may present with type 2 DM or worsening hyperglycemia in the setting of pre-existent DM. Early recognition and management is key to preventing life-threatening events such as diabetic ketoacidosis. Endocrinology referral and interdisciplinary management should be considered for every patient to optimize glycemic control and to ensure optimal monitoring for long-term microvascular complications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]],"date-time":"2020-06-21T10:39:15Z","timestamp":1592735955000},"page":"921-924","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cases from the Immune-Related Adverse Event Tumor Board: Diagnosis and Management of Immune Checkpoint Blockade-Induced Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Alexia","family":"Zagouras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradnya D.","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Divya","family":"Yogi-Morren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan A.","family":"Pennell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122511251446100_onco13417-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000170","article-title":"Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"22","author":"Polsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes 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