{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T20:52:59Z","timestamp":1761511979154},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]],"date-time":"2000-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":970358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Genentech, Idec"},{"name":"SmithKline Beecham"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The concept of targeted therapy for patients with advanced cancer has intrigued researchers for many years. The lymphoid malignancies are particularly good candidates for this therapeutic approach, due to the identification of multiple lymphocyte-specific antigens. The recent introduction of rituximab marks the beginning of a new era in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. Rituximab is one of the most active single agents for patients with refractory indolent lymphoma, producing response rates of approximately 50%, with low toxicity and a brief duration of treatment. Additional uses of rituximab are being evaluated in ongoing clinical trials, and are briefly reviewed. As a first-line agent, responses of approximately 70% are produced in patients with indolent lymphoma, with minimal toxicity. A substantial percentage of patients can be successfully retreated with rituximab, with second remission durations longer than the first remission (14-16 months versus 12 months). Multiple combination regimens using rituximab plus chemotherapy are also being evaluated. Although the role of these combined approaches is incompletely defined, high complete response rates can be obtained, with a higher rate of molecular complete remission (i.e., eradication of detectable bcl-2 rearrangements) than has been observed in patients receiving chemotherapy alone. Rituximab is also being evaluated in other CD20+ lymphoid malignancies including large-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Within the next 12 months, several additional monoclonal antibodies will be available for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. These include the radioimmunoconjugates tositumomab (Bexxar) and ibritumomab (Zevalin), as well as Campath-1H (anti-CD52) monoclonal antibody. Early clinical data with each of these agents are also briefly reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.5-5-376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,24]],"date-time":"2004-08-24T21:38:39Z","timestamp":1093383519000},"page":"376-384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Lymphoid Malignancies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"John D.","family":"Hainsworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, Centennial Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122209571080800_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.11.3691","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody-based therapies for hematologic malignancies","volume":"16","author":"Multani","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198203043060906","article-title":"Treatment of B-cell lymphoma with monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody","volume":"306","author":"Miller","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3266","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.10.3266","article-title":"IDEC-C2B8: results of a phase I multiple-dose trial in patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"15","author":"Maloney","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.6.2188","article-title":"IDEC-C2B8 Rituximab anti-CD-20 monoclonal antibody therapy in patients with relapsed low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"90","author":"Maloney","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.8.2825","article-title":"IDEC-C2B8 Rituximab chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy for relapsed indolent lymphoma: half of patients respond to a four-dose treatment program","volume":"16","author":"McLaughlin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.3.791","article-title":"Rituximab therapy in hematologic malignancy patients with circulating blood tumor cells: association with increased infusion-related side effects and rapid blood tumor clearance","volume":"17","author":"Byrd","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.17.3135","article-title":"Rituximab anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: safety and efficacy of re-treatment","volume":"18","author":"Davis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R8","first-page":"611","article-title":"Therapy of B-cell lymphoma with anti-CD20 antibodies can result in the loss of CD20 antigen expression","volume":"5","author":"Davis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008416911099","article-title":"Association of serum Rituximab (IDEC-C2B8) concentration and anti-tumor response in the treatment of recurrent low-grade or follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"9","author":"Berinstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008389119525","article-title":"Extended Rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) therapy for relapsed or refractory low-grade or follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"10","author":"Piro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.10.3052","article-title":"Rituximab monoclonal antibody as initial systemic therapy for patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"95","author":"Hainsworth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"2021122209571080800_R12","first-page":"130a","article-title":"Rituximab as first-line treatment of follicular lymphoma patients with low tumor burden. Preliminary results of a phase II trial","volume":"10","author":"Solal-Celigny","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R13","article-title":"Early molecular responses in newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma patients with Rituximab as first-line treatment","volume-title":"The 7th International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma, Lugano, Switzerland, June 2-5, 1999.","author":"Salles"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830400404","article-title":"Reduced expression of CD20 antigen as a characteristic marker for chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"40","author":"Almasri","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2021122209571080800_R15","first-page":"603a","article-title":"Rituxan has significant activity in patients with CLL","volume":"94","author":"O'Brien","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2021122209571080800_R16","first-page":"312a","article-title":"Infusion-related events following rituximab therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia\/ small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL\/SLL): association with inflammatory cytokines","volume":"94","author":"Murphy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R17","first-page":"46a","article-title":"Rituximab as initial therapy for patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"Hainsworth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1089\/cbr.1997.12.177","article-title":"Chimeric anti-CD20 (IDEC-C2B8) monoclonal antibody sensitizes a B cell lymphoma cell line to cell killing by cytotoxic drugs","volume":"12","author":"Demidem","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Biother Radiopharm"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.1.268","article-title":"Treatment of patients with low-grade B-cell lymphoma with the combination of chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and CHOP chemotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Czuczman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"2021122209571080800_R20","first-page":"195a","article-title":"Phase II study of rituximab in combination with CHOP chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated intermediate or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"10","author":"Vose","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R21","first-page":"17a","article-title":"Pilot study of Rituxan in combination with fludarabine chemotherapy in patients with low-grade or follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"18","author":"Czuczman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R22","first-page":"26a","article-title":"Rituximab (IDEC-C2B8) and CVP chemotherapy in follicular or low-grade B-cell lymphoma after relapse: results after 6 months of follow-up","volume":"109","author":"Garcia-Conde","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R23","first-page":"1927","article-title":"Rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) for the treatment of patients with relapsing or refractory aggressive lymphoma: a multicenter phase II study","volume":"92","author":"Coiffier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.8.2780","article-title":"New approach to classifying non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: clinical features of the major histologic subtypes. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project","volume":"16","author":"Armitage","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.11.3909","article-title":"The Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project","volume":"89","author":"A clinical evaluation of the International Lymphoma Study Group classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.2.317","article-title":"European phase II study of rituximab (chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) for patients with newly diagnosed mantle-cell lymphoma and previously treated mantle-cell lymphoma, immunocytoma, and small B-cell lymphocytic lymphoma","volume":"18","author":"Foran","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2021122209571080800_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/11.suppl_1.S123","article-title":"The effect of Rituximab on patients with follicular and mantle-cell lymphoma. Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK)","volume":"11","author":"Ghielmini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2021122209571080800_R28","first-page":"631a","article-title":"Rituximab\/CHOP induction therapy in newly diagnosed patients with mantle cell lymphoma","volume":"94","author":"Howard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2021122209571080800_R29","first-page":"125a","article-title":"Phenotype and clinical evidence supports rituximab for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia","volume":"94","author":"Weber","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R30","first-page":"6a","article-title":"Rituximab is an active agent in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia","volume":"19","author":"Treon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199310213291702","article-title":"Radiolabeled-antibody therapy of B-cell lymphoma with autologous bone marrow support","volume":"329","author":"Press","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199308123290703","article-title":"Radioimmunotherapy of B-cell lymphoma with [131I] anti-B1 (anti-CD20) antibody","volume":"329","author":"Kaminski","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.7.1974","article-title":"Iodine-131-anti-B1 radioimmunotherapy for B-cell lymphoma","volume":"14","author":"Kaminski","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.6.1316","article-title":"Multicenter phase II study of iodine-131 tositumomab for chemotherapy-relapsed\/refractory low-grade and transformed low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"18","author":"Vose","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R35","first-page":"5a","article-title":"Iodine I-131 tositumomab therapy for previously untreated follicular lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"Kaminski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3793","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.12.3793","article-title":"Phase I\/II trial of IDEC-Y2B8 radioimmunotherapy for treatment of relapsed or refractory CD20+ B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"17","author":"Witzig","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R37","first-page":"29a","article-title":"Interim results from a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing Zevalin radioimmunotherapy to rituximab immunotherapy for B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: resistance to prior chemotherapy vs response rate","volume":"19","author":"Witzig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.47.4.313","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of CDw52 antigen expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas","volume":"47","author":"Salisbury","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.4.1567","article-title":"Phase II multicenter study of human CD52 antibody in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. European Study Group of CAMPATH-1H Treatment in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia","volume":"15","author":"Osterborg","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2021122209571080800_R40","first-page":"603a","article-title":"Campath-1H therapy in 29 patients with refractory CLL: \u201cTrue\u201d complete remission is an attainable goal","volume":"94","author":"Kennedy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2021122209571080800_R41","first-page":"705a","article-title":"Multicenter study of Campath-1H in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia refractory to fludarabine","volume":"94","author":"Keating","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122209571080800_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.10.3257","article-title":"CAMPATH-1H monoclonal antibody in therapy for previously treated low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a phase II multicenter study. European Study Group of CAMPATH-1H Treatment in Low-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma","volume":"16","author":"Lundin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["The Oncologist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1634\/theoncologist.5-5-376","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1634\/theoncologist.5-5-376","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article-pdf\/5\/5\/376\/41837103\/oncolo_5_5_376.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article-pdf\/5\/5\/376\/41837103\/oncolo_5_5_376.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T17:57:08Z","timestamp":1640195828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article\/5\/5\/376\/6386063"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1634\/theoncologist.5-5-376","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-7159","1549-490X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-7159","type":"print"},{"value":"1549-490X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]}}}