{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:24:49Z","timestamp":1791271489878,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Learning Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After completing this course, the reader will be able to:<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Identify the most important clinical genetic syndromes that increase the risk of hereditary breast cancer. Describe surgical management options that reduce the risk of developing hereditary breast cancer. Outline the risks and benefits of using chemopreventative interventions in carriers of genetic mutations that increase the risk of hereditary breast cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Access and take the CME test online and receive one hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Clinicians should recognize the genetic syndromes that predispose to the development of breast cancer so that patients may be afforded the opportunity to have genetic testing to assist them and their family members in making medical management decisions. Approximately 80%\u201390% of hereditary breast cancer cases are caused by mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Other important clinical genetic predispositions include Cowden syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and ataxia-telangiectasia. The key to identifying women who are at risk for a hereditary breast cancer lies in obtaining an adequate, three-generation family history, including ethnic background. For unaffected women, breast cancer risks can be estimated using the quantitative models of Gail and Claus, but there are limitations to these models. Other quantitative models predict the likelihood that a patient is carrying a mutated gene. Genetic testing is available at selected laboratories for each of the hereditary syndromes described, and there are three possible outcomes to testing. These outcomes and their management implications are described in detail. Clinical management options for women at high risk for breast cancer include surveillance, chemoprevention, and prophylactic surgery. Application of these principles can reduce morbidity in women with genetic predispositions to breast cancer.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.9-1-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,24]],"date-time":"2004-08-24T21:38:39Z","timestamp":1093383519000},"page":"13-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Recognition and Management of Hereditary Breast Cancer Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Darcy L.","family":"Thull","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Magee\/UPCI Breast Cancer Genetics Program, Magee-Women's Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor G.","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magee\/UPCI Breast Cancer Prevention Program, Magee-Women's Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122209311054400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.11.892","article-title":"The lifetime risk of developing breast cancer","volume":"85","author":"Feuer","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2021122209311054400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1086\/301749","article-title":"Genetic heterogeneity and penetrance analysis of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in breast cancer families. 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