{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T08:30:32Z","timestamp":1793435432006,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Arachnological Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Arachnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There are few works on the reproductive behavior of species of cribellate spiders. Even more scarce are studies of the reproductive behavior of representatives of the Desidae, such as the genus Metaltella Mello-Leit\u00e3o, 1931. In this paper, we describe for the first time the reproductive behavior of Metaltella iheringi (Keyserling, 1891), a species that is characterized by complex genitalia in both sexes. We determined frequencies and durations of the behaviors in the different phases. Thirty virgin males were exposed to virgin females and the behaviors performed by each sex, as well as their frequencies, were recorded. Three phases were identified: pre-copulatory, copulatory, and post-copulatory. The most frequent behaviors were chelicera-palp rubbing, abdomen vibration and web-stretching by the male, and body-shaking and leg-tapping on the web by the female. When the male grabbed the female, she typically fell into a state of quiescence (the female remained motionless with legs in a semi-flexed position) and she remained so even after the male ended the copulation. Mating was characterized by low aggression by the female and a low incidence of cannibalism. In the post-copulatory phase, the male performed frequent behaviors such as abdomen vibration, sperm induction, and post-copulatory cohabitation. We discuss the possible implications of these behaviors in a pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection context. We also provide information that serves as a basis for future studies to understand the mechanisms involved in these behaviors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1636\/joa-s-20-045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T03:26:28Z","timestamp":1648178788000},"page":"81-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sexual behavior of Metaltella iheringi (Keyserling, 1891) (Araneae: Desidae): sexual patterns, female quiescence and comparisons with other spiders"],"prefix":"10.1636","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"D\u00e9bora A.","family":"Abreg\u00fa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, F\u00edsicas y Naturales, Departamento de Diversidad Biol\u00f3gica y Ecolog\u00eda, C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina; E-mail address:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Simian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, F\u00edsicas y Naturales, Departamento de Diversidad Biol\u00f3gica y Ecolog\u00eda, C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina; E-mail address:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilo I.","family":"Mattoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, F\u00edsicas y Naturales, Departamento de Diversidad Biol\u00f3gica y Ecolog\u00eda, C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina; E-mail address:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo V.","family":"Peretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, F\u00edsicas y Naturales, Departamento de Diversidad Biol\u00f3gica y Ecolog\u00eda, C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina; E-mail address:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1211","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Aisenberg  and FG Costa  \"Ethology.\"  111, \"Females mated without sperm transfer maintain high sexual receptivity in the wolf spider Schizocosa malitiosa.\" 545 (2005)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.2005.01077.x"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WG. Eberhard,  \"Female Control: Sexual Selection by Cryptic Female Choice.\"  (1996)","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691207209"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WG. Eberhard,  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  32, \"Why study spider sex: special traits of spiders facilitate studies of sperm competition and cryptic female choice.\" 545 (2004)","DOI":"10.1636\/0161-8202(2004)032[0545:WSSSST]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AV Peretti  and A Aisenberg  \"Cryptic Female Choice in Arthropods: Patterns, Mechanisms and Prospects.\"  (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17894-3"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DM Shuker  and LW Simmons  \"The Evolution of Insect Mating Systems.\"  (2014)","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199678020.001.0001"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\"World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0.\"  (2020)","DOI":"10.12968\/nuwa.2020.6.21"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Pompozzi, L Peralta, M Sim\u00f3,  \"Check List.\"  9, \"The invasive spider Badumna longinqua (L. Koch, 1867) (Araneae: Desidae) in Argentina: New distributional records, with notes on its expansion and establishment.\" 218 (2013)","DOI":"10.15560\/9.3.218"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Gonz\u00e1lez, AV Peretti, C Viera, et al.  \"Journal of Ethology.\"  31, \"Differences in sexual behavior of two distant populations of the funnel-web wolf spider Aglaoctenus lagotis.\" 175 (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10164-013-0365-1"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JA Alvarado-Castro  and ML Jim\u00e9nez  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  39, \"Reproductive behavior of Homalonychus selenopoides (Araneae: Homalonychidae).\" 118 (2011)","DOI":"10.1636\/Hi10-35.1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MCB Andrade  and EM Banta  \"Animal Behavior.\"  63, \"Value of male remating and functional sterility in redback spiders.\" 857 (2002)","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.2002.2003"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Barrantes,  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  36, \"Courtship behavior and copulation in Tengella radiata (Araneae,Tengellidae).\" 606 (2008)","DOI":"10.1636\/St07-13.1"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Barrantes  and MJ Ram\u00edrez  \"Arachnology.\"  16, \"Courtship, egg sac construction, and maternal care in Kukulcania hibernalis, with information on the courtship of Misionella mendensis (Araneae, Filistatidae).\" 72 (2013)","DOI":"10.13156\/arac.2013.16.2.72"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E Becker, S Riechert, F Singer,  \"Behavior.\"  142, \"Male induction of female quiescence\/catalepsis during courtship in the spider, Agelenopsis aperta.\" 57 (2005)","DOI":"10.1163\/1568539053627767"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"RG. Bennett,  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  15, \"Systematics and natural history of Wadotes (Araneae, Agelenidae).\" 91 (1987)"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"B. Berendonck,  \"Reproductive strategies in Latrodectus revivensis (Araneae; Theridiidae): functional morphology and sexual cannibalism.\"  (2003)"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Billaudelle,  \"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Angewandte Entomologie.\"  41, \"Zur Biologie der Mauerspinne Dictyna civica (H. Luc.) (Dictynidae, Araneida).\" 475 (1957)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0418.1957.tb01310.x"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"DT Blumstein, CS Evans, JC Daniel,  \"JWatcher [cited 2009 March 13].\"  (2000)"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"WS. Bristowe,  \"The World of Spiders.\"  (1971)"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CA. Brown,  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  34, \"Observations on courtship and copulation of the wolf spider Rabidosa santrita (Araneae, Lycosidae).\" 476 (2006)","DOI":"10.1636\/S05-55.1"},{"key":"14","unstructured":"TC Bukowski  and TE Christenson  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  25, \"Natural history and copulatory behavior of the spiny orbweaving spider Micrathena gracilis (Araneae, Araneidae).\" 307 (1997)"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CR Buffet  and C Viera  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  44, \"Loading the male pedipalps: sperm induction in a subsocial spider.\" 96 (2016)","DOI":"10.1636\/J15-57.1"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TE Christenson, SG Brown, PA Wenz, et al.  \"Journal of Comparative Psychology.\"  99, \"Mating behavior of the golden orb-weaving spider Nephila clavipes. I: Female receptivity and male courtship.\" 160 (1985)","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0735-7036.99.2.160"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"FG. Costa,  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  21, \"Cohabitation and copulation in Ixeuticus martius (Araneae, Amaurobiidae).\" 258 (1993)"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"FG Costa  and M Sim\u00f3  \"Bolet\u00edn de la Sociedad Zool\u00f3gica del Uruguay (2a \u00e9poca).\"  23, \"Fenolog\u00eda de las ara\u00f1as ep\u00edgeas de una zona costera del sur de Uruguay: un estudio bianual con trampas de ca\u00edda.\" 1 (2014)"},{"key":"19","unstructured":"FA. Coyle,  \"Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society.\"  6, \"Observations on the mating behavior of the tiny mygalomorph spider, Microhexura montivaga Crosby & Bishop (Araneae, Dipluridae).\" 328 (1985)"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"FA Coyle  and  O'Shields  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  18, \"Courtship and mating behavior of Thelechoris karschi (Araneae, Dipluridae), an African funnelweb spider.\" 281 (1990)"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P Dolejs, L Kubcova, J Buchar,  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  38, \"Courtship, mating, and cocoon maintenance of Tricca lutetiana (Araneae: Lycosidae).\" 504 (2010)","DOI":"10.1636\/Hi09-29.1"},{"key":"22","unstructured":"MF. Downes,  \"British Arachnological Society.\"  9, \"Courtship and mating in the social spider Phryganoporus candidus (Araneae: Desidae).\" 277 (1994)"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MS Dutto, L Calbacho-Rosa, AV Peretti,  \"Ethology.\"  117, \"Signalling and sexual conflict: female spiders use stridulation to inform males of sexual receptivity.\" 1040 (2011)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.2011.01957.x"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GB. Edwards,  \"Psyche.\"  88, \"Sound production by courting males of Phidippus mystaceus (Araneae: Salticidae).\" 199 (1981)","DOI":"10.1155\/1981\/56173"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GB. Edwards,  \"Extension University of Florida. EDIS.\"  3, \"Cribellate Spider, Metaltella simoni (Keyserling) (Arachnida: Araneae: Amphinectidae).\" 1 (2005)","DOI":"10.32473\/edis-in597-2004"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MA. Elgar,  \"Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection.\"  \"Sperm competition and sexual selection in spiders and other arachnids.\" 307 (1998)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012100543-6\/50034-9"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I Escalante  and A Aisenberg  \"Journal of Ethology.\"  33, \"Risky behaviors by the host could favor araneophagy of the spitting spider Scytodes globula on the hacklemesh weaver Metaltella simoni.\" 125 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10164-014-0420-6"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N Estramil  and FG Costa  \"Journal of Zoology.\"  271, \"Female sexual receptivity after partial copulations in the wolf spider (Schizocosa malitiosa).\" 148 (2007)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2006.00180.x"},{"key":"31","unstructured":"RF. Foelix,  \"The Biology of Spiders.\"  (2011)"},{"key":"32","unstructured":"JG. Fraser,  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  15, \"Courtship and copulatory behavior of the funnelweb spider, Hololena adnexa (Araneae, Agelenidae).\" 257 (1987)"},{"key":"33","unstructured":"AB. Galasso,  \"Comparative analysis of courtship in Agelenopsis funnel-web spiders (Araneae, Agelenidae) with an emphasis on potential isolating mechanisms.\"  (2012)"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V Garc\u00eda-D\u00edaz, A Aisenberg, AV Peretti,  \"Behavioral Processes.\"  116, \"Communication during copulation in the sex-role reversed wolf spider Allocosa brasiliensis: female shakes for soliciting new ejaculations?\" 62 (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2015.05.005"},{"key":"36","unstructured":"RL. Gering,  \"Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.\"  121, \"Structure and function in the genitalia in some American agelenid spiders.\" 1 (1953)"},{"key":"37","unstructured":"WJ. Gertsch,  \"American Spiders.\"  (1979)"},{"key":"39","unstructured":"CE Griswold, MJ Ram\u00edrez, JA Coddington, et al.  \"Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences.\"  56, \"Atlas of Phylogenetic data for entelegyne spider (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with comments on their phylogeny.\" 1 (2005)"},{"key":"40","unstructured":"PJ. Helsdingen,  \"Zoologische Mededelingen.\"  41, \"Sexual behavior of Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert) (Araneida, Linyphiidae), with notes on the functions of the genital organs.\" 15 (1965)"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HE Hinton  and RS Wilson  \"Journal of Zoology.\"  162, \"Stridulatory organs in spiny orb-weaver spiders\" 481 (1970)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1970.tb01282.x"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BA. Huber,  \"Acta Zoologica Stockholm.\"  76, \"Copulatory mechanism in Holocnemus pluchei and Pholcus opilionoides, with notes on male cheliceral apophyses and stridulatory organs in Pholcidae (Araneae).\" 291 (1995)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1995.tb01001.x"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BA. Huber,  \"Biological Review.\"  80, \"Sexual selection research on spiders: progress and biases.\" 363 (2005)","DOI":"10.1017\/S1464793104006700"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BA Huber  and WG Eberhard  \"Canadian Journal of Zoology.\"  74, \"Courtship, copulation, and genital mechanics in Physocyclus globosus (Araneae, Pholcidae).\" 905 (1997)","DOI":"10.1139\/z97-109"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BA Hutton  and AL Rypstra  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  44, \"Courtship and the use of pheromones by Pholcus manueli (Araneae: Pholcidae).\" 92 (2016)","DOI":"10.1636\/J15-38.1"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RR. Jackson,  \"Animal Behavior.\"  25, \"Courtship versatility in the jumping spider, Phidippus johnsoni (Araneae: Salticidae).\" 953 (1977)","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(77)90046-X"},{"key":"47","unstructured":"RR. Jackson,  \"Revue Arachnologique.\"  2, \"Comparative studies of Dictyna and Mallos (Araneae, Dictynidae) II. The relationship between courtship, mating, aggression and cannibalism in species with differing types of social organization.\" 103 (1979)"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RR Jackson  and SD Pollard  \"New Zealand Journal of Zoology.\"  17, \"Intraspecific interactions and the function of courtship in mygalomorph spiders: a study of Porrhothele antipodiana (Araneae: Hexathelidae) and a literature review.\" 499 (1990)","DOI":"10.1080\/03014223.1990.10422949"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Joel, P Kappel, H Adamova, et al.  \"Arthropod Structure & Development.\"  44, \"Cribellate thread production in spiders: Complex processing of nanofibres into a functional capture thread.\" 568 (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2015.07.003"},{"key":"50","unstructured":"B. Knoflach,  \"Denisia.\"  12, \"Diversity in the copulatory behavior of comb-footed spiders (Araneae, Theridiidae).\" 161 (2004)"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Leech  and M Steiner  \"Canadian Entomologist.\"  124, \"Metaltella simoni (Keyserling, 1878) (Amaurobiidae) new to Canada, and records for Tegenaria gigantea Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935 (Agelenidae) in Alberta and British Columbia (Arachnida: Araneida).\" 419 (1992)","DOI":"10.4039\/Ent124419-2"},{"key":"52","unstructured":"R. Legendre,  \"Annales Biologiques.\"  2, \"L'audition et l'\u00e9mision de sons chez les Aran\u00e9ides.\" 371 (1963)"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MD Papke, SE Riechert, S Schulz,  \"Animal Behavior.\"  61, \"An airborne female pheromone associated with male attraction and courtship in a desert spider.\" 877 (2001)","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.2000.1675"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GA. Parker,  \"Biological Reviews.\"  45, \"Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences in the insects.\" 525 (1970)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1970.tb01176.x"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Peretti, WG Eberhard, RD Brice\u00f1o,  \"Animal Behavior.\"  72, \"Copulatory dialogue: female spiders sing during copulation to influence male genitalic movements.\" 413 (2006)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2006.01.014"},{"key":"58","unstructured":"P. Sackman,  \"Efecto de Vespula germanica sobre un ensamble nativo de artr\u00f3podos en el NO de la Patagonia.\"  (2004)"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CE Scott, GA Anderson, MCB Andrade,  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  46, \"A review of the mechanisms and functional roles of male silk use in spider courtship and mating.\" 173 (2018)","DOI":"10.1636\/JoA-S-17-093.1"},{"key":"61","unstructured":"CK. Starr,  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  16, \"Sexual behavior in Dictyna volucripes (Araneae, Dictynidae).\" 321 (1988)"},{"key":"62","unstructured":"R Thornhill  and J Alcock  \"The Evolution of Insect Mating Systems.\"  (2013)"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CA Toscano-Gadea  and FG Costa  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  44, \"Description of the sexual behavior of the Neotropical wolf spider Pavocosa gallopavo (Araneae: Lycosidae), with comments on sexual cannibalism.\" 412 (2016)","DOI":"10.1636\/J15-75.1"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Vaccaro, GW Uetz, JA Roberts,  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  38, \"Courtship and mating behavior of the wolf spider Schizocosa bilineata (Araneae: Lycosidae).\" 452 (2010)","DOI":"10.1636\/Hi09-115.1"},{"key":"65","unstructured":"RS Vetter  and PK Visscher  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  22, \"A non-native spider, Metaltella simoni, found in California (Araneae, Amaurobiidae).\" 256 (1994)"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LA Walker  and GI Holwell  \"Animal Behavior.\"  139, \"The role of exaggerated male chelicerae in male\u2013male contests in New Zealand sheet-web spiders.\" 29 (2018)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2018.02.020"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W Wheeler, JA Coddington, LM Crowley, et al.  \"Cladistics.\"  33, \"The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling.\" 574 (2017)","DOI":"10.1111\/cla.12182"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YH Xiao, A Zunic-Kosi, LW Zhang, et al.  \"Chemoecology.\"  25, \"Silk-mediated male courtship effort in the monandrous wolf spider Pardosa astrigera (Araneae: Lycosidae).\" 285 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00049-015-0196-3"},{"key":"70","unstructured":"M Y\u00e1\u00f1ez, A Locht, R Mac\u00edas-Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez,  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  27, \"Courtship and mating behavior of Brachypelma klaasi (Araneae, Theraphosidae).\" 165 (1999)"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L Baruffaldi  and FG Costa  \"Journal of Ethology.\"  28, \"Changes in male sexual responses from silk cues of females at different reproductive states in the wolf spider Schizocosa malitiosa.\" 75 (2010)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10164-009-0158-8"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AC. Gaskett,  \"Biological Reviews.\"  82, \"Spider sex pheromones: Emission, reception, structures, and functions.\" 27 (2007)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2006.00002.x"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Arachnology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T07:34:07Z","timestamp":1793432047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/the-journal-of-arachnology\/volume-50\/issue-1\/JoA-S-20-045\/Sexual-behavior-of-Metaltella-iheringi-Keyserling-1891-Araneae--Desidae\/10.1636\/JoA-S-20-045.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1636\/joa-s-20-045","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-8202","1937-2396"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8202","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2396","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]}}}