{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T12:30:03Z","timestamp":1793449803927,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Avian Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Since August 2014, the University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory has received cases of turkey enteritis that are clinically different from previously described cases of poult enteritis syndrome and light turkey syndrome. The birds develop dark green and extremely foul-smelling diarrhea starting at 8\u201310 wk of age, which may last up to 15\u201316 wk of age. The affected turkey flocks show poor uniformity, and feed conversion and market weights are reduced. Multiple-age farms are affected more often than the single-age farms. Morbidity varies from flock to flock and in some cases reaches 100%. At necropsy, undigested feed with increased mucus is observed in the intestines along with prominent mucosal congestion and\/or hemorrhage. Microscopically, lymphocytic infiltrates expand the villi in duodenum and jejunum to form lymphoid follicles, which are often accompanied by heterophils. Next generation sequencing (Illumina Miseq) on a pool of feces from affected birds identified genetic sequences of viruses belonging to Astroviridae, Reoviridae, Picornaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Adenoviridae. On testing pools of fecal samples from apparently healthy (16 pools) and affected birds (30 pools), there was a higher viral load in the feces of affected birds. Picobirnavirus was detected only in the affected birds; 20 of 30 pools (66.7%) were positive. These results indicate that a high viral load of turkey picobirnavirus alone, or in association with novel picornaviruses, may be a cause of this new type of turkey enteritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086-64.4.471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T06:47:25Z","timestamp":1608101245000},"page":"471-477","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Enteric Viruses Associated with Mid-growth Turkey Enteritis"],"prefix":"10.1637","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Sunil K.","family":"Mor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader M.","family":"Sobhy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azad","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nima","family":"Kakrudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary A.","family":"Marusak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daybreak Foods Inc., Tyranena Park Road, Lake Mills, WI 53551"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagar M.","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1212","reference":[{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Plutzer  and B Tomor  \"Parasitol Int.\"  58, \"The role of aquatic birds in the environmental dissemination of human pathogenic Giardia duodenalis cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in Hungary.\" 227 (2009)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2009.05.004"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MJ Pantin-Jackwood, JM Day, MW Jackwood, et al.  \"Avian Dis.\"  52, \"Enteric viruses detected by molecular methods in commercial chicken and turkey flocks in the United States between 2005 and 2006.\" 235 (2008)","DOI":"10.1637\/8174-111507-Reg.1"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CR Angel, JL Sell, DW Trampel,  \"Poult Sci.\"  69, \"Stunting syndrome in turkeys: physical and physiological changes.\" 1931 (1990)","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0691931"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RW Perry, GN Rowland, JR Glisson,  \"Avian Dis.\"  1, \"Poult malabsorption syndrome. 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according to age and clinical signs of intestinal disease.\" 945 (2013)","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02849"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c1 Boros, B Polg\u00e1r, P Pankovics, et al.  \"Virology.\"  525, \"Multiple divergent picobirnaviruses with functional prokaryotic Shine-Dalgarno ribosome binding sites present in cloacal sample of a diarrheic chicken.\" 62 (2018)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.09.008"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c1 Boros, P Pankovics, \u00c1 Adonyi, et al.  \"Virology.\"  489, \"A diarrheic chicken simultaneously co-infected with multiple picornaviruses: Complete genome analysis of avian picornaviruses representing up to six genera.\" 63 (2016)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.12.002"}],"container-title":["Avian Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/avian-diseases\/volume-64\/issue-4\/0005-2086-64.4.471\/Enteric-Viruses-Associated-with-Mid-growth-Turkey-Enteritis\/10.1637\/0005-2086-64.4.471.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T11:31:18Z","timestamp":1793446278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/avian-diseases\/volume-64\/issue-4\/0005-2086-64.4.471\/Enteric-Viruses-Associated-with-Mid-growth-Turkey-Enteritis\/10.1637\/0005-2086-64.4.471.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1637\/0005-2086-64.4.471","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-2086","1938-4351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-2086","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-4351","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]}}}