{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:31:08Z","timestamp":1793442668179,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Avian Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>One dead 6-wk-old male racing pigeon (Columba livia) was submitted for postmortem evaluation after presenting with weight loss, anorexia, dry shanks, dehydration, and lethargy. The bird belonged to a confined flock with 12 other pigeons raised by a hobbyist. Two pigeons in the flock reportedly had died with a history of similar clinical signs. On gross examination, the liver and the spleen were diffusely dark brown to black. Histopathology revealed moderate to large amounts of anisotropic, intracytoplasmic black pigment, compatible with hemozoin, in the spleen, liver, lung, and kidneys, with small amounts in the heart and meninges of the brain. Marked plasmacytic infiltrates were observed in liver, lungs, heart, and kidneys. Blood smears from a clinically affected concomitant pigeon from the flock revealed numerous light-blue, round to oval, intraerythrocytic trophozoites and meronts suggestive of Plasmodium spp. PCR and sequencing tests were performed from spleen and ceca with fragments of the 18S ribosomal RNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytB) genes. Sequencing results confirmed the presence of Plasmodium in the affected pigeon. Although an exact genetic match could not be determined, the most similar species to the isolate from this study are Plasmodium relictum, Plasmodium matutinum, Plasmodium lutzi, and Plasmodium homocircumflexum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086-65.2.213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T23:36:20Z","timestamp":1622504180000},"page":"213-218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Case Report of Avian Malaria (Plasmodium spp.) in Pen-Reared Pigeons (Columba livia)"],"prefix":"10.1637","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Ana P.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Turlock Branch, University of California, Davis, California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Stoute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turlock Branch, University of California, Davis, California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruediger","family":"Hauck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Department of Poultry Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. L.","family":"Shivaprasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulare Branch, University of California, Davis, California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, 18760 Road 112, Tulare, CA 93274"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Jerry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turlock Branch, University of California, Davis, California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1212","reference":[{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. 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Valki\u016bnas,  \"Avian malaria parasites and other haemosporidia.\"  (2005)","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203643792"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AF Woodbridge  and ED Walker  \"Medical and Veterinary Entomology.\"  \"Mosquitoes (Culicidae).\" 261 (2019)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814043-7.00015-7"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LR McDougald, HM Cervantes, MC Jenkins, et al.  \"Diseases of poultry.\"  \"Protozoal infections.\" 1192 (2020)","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119371199.ch28"}],"container-title":["Avian Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/avian-diseases\/volume-65\/issue-2\/0005-2086-65.2.213\/A-Case-Report-of-Avian-Malaria-Plasmodium-spp-in-Pen\/10.1637\/0005-2086-65.2.213.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T09:42:41Z","timestamp":1793439761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/avian-diseases\/volume-65\/issue-2\/0005-2086-65.2.213\/A-Case-Report-of-Avian-Malaria-Plasmodium-spp-in-Pen\/10.1637\/0005-2086-65.2.213.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1637\/0005-2086-65.2.213","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-2086","1938-4351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-2086","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-4351","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]}}}