{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T09:32:54Z","timestamp":1793439174512,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Avian Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) is an acute infectious disease caused by fowl adenovirus serotype-4 (FAdV-4), which mainly affects broilers aged 4\u20135 wk. During the winter of January 2021, a 32-day-old broiler flock (Cobb-500) suffered from unusually high mortality (15%) in the Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. The chickens showed depression, ruffled feathers, and greenish diarrhea besides the typical pathologic features of suspected HHS involving flabby hearts, accumulation of a straw-colored fluid in the pericardial sacs, and pale, enlarged hemorrhagic and friable livers with necrotic foci. The kidneys exhibited edema with uric acid depositions. Histopathologic examination of bird livers naturally infected with HHS showed multifocal areas of necrosis, vascular changes, and basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies (INIB) in the hepatocytes. Molecular identification of the causative agent was accomplished by PCR and sequence analysis of the hyper-variable regions of loop 1 of the hexon gene of fowl aviadenovirus. A pathogenic strain of the novel genotype-4 (FAdV-4) was demonstrated, closely similar to the Israeli strain IS\/1905\/2019, with an identity of 98%. This is the first report to identify FADV-4 in Egypt, prompting further studies to elucidate its epidemiologic role in all poultry sectors and associated economic losses to provide insights to its control and prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086-65.3.385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T02:16:16Z","timestamp":1627870576000},"page":"385-390","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Molecular Detection of a Novel Fowl Adenovirus Serotype-4 (FadV-4) from an Outbreak of Hepatitis Hydropericardium Syndrome in Commercial Broiler Chickens in Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1637","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Hesham","family":"Sultan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Menoufia, Egypt 32958"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abd-Elsatar","family":"Arafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Quality control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, P.O. Box 264-dokki, Giza, Egypt 12618"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amany","family":"Adel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Quality control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, P.O. Box 264-dokki, Giza, Egypt 12618"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Selim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Quality control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, P.O. Box 264-dokki, Giza, Egypt 12618"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Hossiny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Menoufia, Egypt 32958"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaimaa","family":"Talaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Menoufia, Egypt 32958"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1212","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Asthana, R Chandra, R Kumar,  \"Arch Virol.\"  158, \"Hydropericardium syndrome: current state and future developments.\" 921 (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-012-1570-x"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TA Abdul-Aziz  and SY Hasan  \"Res Vet Sci.\"  59, \"Hydropericardium syndrome in broiler chickens: its contagious nature and pathology.\" 219 (1995)","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(95)90005-5"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Kumar, R Chandra, SK Shukla, et al.  \"Trop Anim Health Prod.\"  29, \"Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) in India: a preliminary study on the causative agent and control of the disease by inactivated autogenous vaccine.\" 158 (1997)","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02633014"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L Changjing, L Haiying, W Dongdong, et al.  \"Vet Microbiol.\"  197, \"Characterization of fowl adenoviruses isolated between 2007 and 2014 in China.\" 62 (2016)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.11.005"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S Kumar, G Stecher, M Li, et al.  \"Mol Biol Evol.\"  35, \"MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms.\" 1547 (2018)","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Schachner, M Matos, B Grafl, et al.  \"Avian Pathol.\"  47, \"Fowl adenovirus-induced diseases and strategies for their control\u2014a review on the current global situation.\" 111 (2018)","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2017.1385724"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. 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Niczyporuk,  \"PLOS ONE.\"  13, \"Deep analysis of loop L1 HVRs1-4 region of the hexon gene of adenovirus field strains isolated in Poland.\" e0207668 (2018)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207668"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Marek, A G\u00fcnes, E Schulz, et al.  \"J Virol Methods.\"  170, \"Classification of fowl adenoviruses by use of phylogenetic analysis and high-resolution melting-curve analysis of the hexon L1 gene region.\" 147 (2010)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2010.09.019"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Hemida  and M Alhammadi  \"Turkish J Vet Anim Sci.\"  41, \"Prevalence and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 in eastern Saudi Arabia.\" 506 (2017)","DOI":"10.3906\/vet-1612-19"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FD Wilson, RW Wills, CG Senties-Cue, et al.  \"Avian Dis.\"  54, \"High incidence of glomerulonephritis associated with inclusion body hepatitis in broiler chickens: routine histopathology and histomorphometric studies.\" 975 (2010)","DOI":"10.1637\/9050-090709-Reg.1"}],"container-title":["Avian Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/avian-diseases\/volume-65\/issue-3\/0005-2086-65.3.385\/Molecular-Detection-of-a-Novel-Fowl-Adenovirus-Serotype-4-FadV\/10.1637\/0005-2086-65.3.385.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T08:48:56Z","timestamp":1793436536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/avian-diseases\/volume-65\/issue-3\/0005-2086-65.3.385\/Molecular-Detection-of-a-Novel-Fowl-Adenovirus-Serotype-4-FadV\/10.1637\/0005-2086-65.3.385.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1637\/0005-2086-65.3.385","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-2086","1938-4351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-2086","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-4351","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]}}}