{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T09:32:25Z","timestamp":1793439145641,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Avian Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A free-ranging, adult male ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) was harvested by a hunter during November 2019 in Forest County, PA. The bird was submitted for necropsy due to a skin mass on its left leg. Upon necropsy, two proliferative skin masses were grossly visible, one on the left leg and one on the cere. An additional mass was present on the oropharyngeal mucosa covering the hard palate. These masses were diagnosed as avian pox based on histopathologic and cytologic findings, including marked epithelial hypertrophy, hyperplasia, vacuolar degeneration with eosinophilic stippling, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. An avipoxvirus was detected using PCR and was identified as fowlpox virus through sequencing of the 4b core gene segment. The avipoxvirus from this case showed genetic similarity to isolates from Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086-65.3.453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T22:00:10Z","timestamp":1629756010000},"page":"453-455","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization of Avian Pox in a Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) from Pennsylvania"],"prefix":"10.1637","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Corissa A.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Poulson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin D.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1212","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AM MacDonald, DJ Gibson, JR Barta, et al.  \"Avian Dis.\"  63, \"Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of avipoxviruses from North American wild birds demonstrates new insights into host specificity and interspecies transmission.\" 427 (2019)","DOI":"10.1637\/12023-010619-Reg.1"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DN Tripathy  and WM Reed  \"Diseases of poultry.\"  \"Pox.\" 364 (2020)","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119371199.ch10"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NJ Thomas, DB Hunter, CT Atkinson, et al.  \"Infectious diseases of wild birds.\"  \"Avian pox.\" 131 (2007)","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470344668"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Hydock, H Brown, N Nemeth,  \"Avian Dis.\"  62, \"Evaluation of cytology for diagnosing avian pox in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo).\" 45 (2018)","DOI":"10.1637\/11760-101817-Reg.1"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EJ Elsmo, AB Allison, JD Brown,  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  52, \"A retrospective study of causes of skin lesions in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in the eastern USA, 1975\u20132013.\" 582 (2016)","DOI":"10.7589\/2015-05-129"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AB Allison, MK Keel, JE Phillips,  \"Virology.\"  450\u2013451, \"Avian oncogenesis induced by lymphoproliferative disease virus: a neglected or emerging retroviral pathogen?\" 2 (2013)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.11.037"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"IA Davidson, A Borovskaya, S Peri, et al.  \"Avian Pathol.\"  24, \"Use of polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of natural infection of chickens and turkeys with Marek's disease virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus.\" 69 (1995)","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459508419050"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Tamura, G Stecher, D Peterson, et al.  \"Mol Biol Evol.\"  30, \"MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0.\" 2725 (2013)","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LH Lee  and KH Lee  \"J Virol Methods.\"  63, \"Application of the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of fowl poxvirus infection.\" 113 (1997)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(96)02119-2"}],"container-title":["Avian Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/avian-diseases\/volume-65\/issue-3\/0005-2086-65.3.453\/Characterization-of-Avian-Pox-in-a-Ruffed-Grouse-Bonasa-umbellus\/10.1637\/0005-2086-65.3.453.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T08:44:31Z","timestamp":1793436271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/avian-diseases\/volume-65\/issue-3\/0005-2086-65.3.453\/Characterization-of-Avian-Pox-in-a-Ruffed-Grouse-Bonasa-umbellus\/10.1637\/0005-2086-65.3.453.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1637\/0005-2086-65.3.453","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-2086","1938-4351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-2086","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-4351","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]}}}