{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T12:32:55Z","timestamp":1793449975133,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Avian Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae (subspecies IIIa) is most frequently associated with reptiles but is also a bacterial pathogen of poultry, primarily of young turkeys where it induces septicemia, neurologic signs, and increased mortality. Arizonosis clinical cases in broiler chickens have recently been documented in the United States, driving the development of a rapid, molecular-based diagnostic for this subspecies. S. enterica subsp. arizonae is a genetically distinct subgroup of S. enterica, primarily diagnosed through culture followed by serotyping or biochemical identification, which are costly in both time and laboratory resources. Real-time\/quantitative PCR offers rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella sp. in laboratory and diagnostic samples; however, no such methodology exists to differentiate S. enterica subsp. arizonae from other Salmonella sp. In this study, we designed a quantitative PCR assay for S. enterica subsp. arizonae. The assay is able to differentiate S. enterica subsp. arizonae from other S. enterica subspecies, including S. enterica subsp. diarizonae (IIIb), and other non-Salmonella bacteria. Validation, including 56 different S. enterica subsp. arizonae serovars, demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. This assay provides a rapid diagnostic option for suspected cases of arizonosis in poultry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1637\/aviandiseases-d-19-00197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T07:23:41Z","timestamp":1604561021000},"page":"305-309","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Molecular Detection of Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae by Quantitative PCR"],"prefix":"10.1637","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Linnea M.","family":"Tracy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-APHIS National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA 50010"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen B.","family":"Grogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny A.","family":"Nicholds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda R.","family":"Morningstar-Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-APHIS National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA 50010"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3943-4829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikki W.","family":"Shariat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1212","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"P Grimont  and F Weill  \"WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella.\"  , \"Antigenic formulae of the Salmonella serovars.\"  (2007)"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Issenhuth-Jeanjean, P Roggentin, M Mikoleit, et al.  \"Res Microbiol.\"  165, \"Supplement 2008\u20132010 (no. 48) to the White\u2013Kauffmann\u2013Le Minor scheme.\" 526 (2014)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2014.07.004"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MA Mitchell  and SM Shane  \"Semin Avian Exot Pet Med.\"  10, \"Salmonella in reptiles.\" 25 (2001)","DOI":"10.1053\/saep.2001.19798"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SH Krum, DR Stevens, DC Hirsh,  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  170, \"Salmonella arizonae bacteremia in a cat.\" 42 (1977)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1977.170.01.42"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NP Macri, GW Stevenson, CC Wu,  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  33, \"Salmonella arizonae sepsis in a lynx.\" 908 (1997)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-33.4.908"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JT Meehan, KA Brogden, C Courtney, et al.  \"Vet Pathol.\"  29, \"Chronic proliferative rhinitis associated with Salmonella arizonae in sheep.\" 556 (1992)","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589202900616"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Oros, JL Rodriguez, P Herraez, et al.  \"J Comp Pathol.\"  115, \"Respiratory and digestive lesions caused by Salmonella arizonae in two snakes.\" 185 (1996)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(96)80040-5"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"J Or\u00f3s, JL Rodr\u00edguez, A Espinosa de los Monteros, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  28, \"Tracheal malformation in a bicephalic Honduran milk snake (Lampropeltis hondurensis) and subsequent fatal Salmonella arizonae infection.\" 331 (1997)"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"WJ Boever  and J Williams  \"Vet Med Small Anim Clin.\"  70, \"Arizona septicemia in three boa constrictors.\" 1357 (1975)"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"HL. 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