{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:32:55Z","timestamp":1793442775252,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Avian Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, the poultry industry worldwide is facing an emerging trend of fowl adenovirus (FAdV)-associated diseases with a significant economic impact, especially in meat-type chickens. Vertical transmission is an important feature of all FAdVs; hence, preventive measures mostly revolve around breeding stocks. However, knowledge about temporal development of FAdV infections in modern commercial settings is rare or even nonexistent. In the present study, longitudinal monitoring for FAdV was conducted in broiler breeder flocks located in a confined geographical region with intensive poultry production in Iran. For this, the antibody status of birds from 4 to 32 wk of age was monitored with a commercial FAdV-ELISA and virus neutralization test (VNT). In parallel, fecal shedding of FAdV was determined at the peak of egg production with real-time PCR and virus isolation. Overall, the commercial ELISA showed seroconversion of flocks before onset of production. VNT resolved in detail infection patterns of individual serotypes with a primordial FAdV-D (FAdV-2\/-11) infection, frequently followed by FAdV-E (FAdV-8a, -8b) superinfection. FAdV-A (FAdV-1) was traced in half of the investigated flocks, while no evidence of infection with FAdV-C (FAdV-4, -10) was noted. Common serological profiles between different houses of the same farm indicate an overarching biosecurity. Serological profiles coupled with virological findings at the peak of egg production indicated that higher antibody levels, determined by ELISA, correlated with lower amounts of viral DNA in fecal excretion. Simultaneously, the number of isolated FAdVs belonging to distinct serotypes declined in accordance with a rise of neutralizing antibodies in birds, underlining the significance of serotype-specific antibodies in the epidemiology of FAdV in breeders. Investigations in breeders were complemented with screening of FAdV-associated diseases in local broilers over a 3-yr period; 26 cases of inclusion body hepatitis with dominant involvement of FAdV-11\/FAdV-8b, one outbreak of adenoviral gizzard erosion related to FAdV-1, and no evidence of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome suggest that identical serotypes are maintained in the local poultry industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1637\/aviandiseases-d-20-00107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T00:05:13Z","timestamp":1620691513000},"page":"177-187","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Longitudinal Serological Monitoring of Commercial Broiler Breeders for Fowl Adenoviruses (FAdVs)\u2014Presence of Antibodies Is Linked with Virus Excretion"],"prefix":"10.1637","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Amin","family":"Mirzazadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, P.O. Box 71345-1731, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Grafl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Schachner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1212","reference":[{"key":"10","unstructured":"H Grgic, C Philippe, D Ojkic, et al.  \"Can J Vet Res.\"  70, \"Study of vertical transmission of fowl adenoviruses.\" 230 (2006)"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Schachner, A Marek, B Grafl, et al.  \"Vet Microbiol.\"  186, \"Detailed molecular analyses of the hexon loop-1 and fibers of fowl aviadenoviruses reveal new insights into the antigenic relationship and confirm that specific genotypes are involved in field outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis.\" 13 (2016)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.02.008"},{"key":"25","unstructured":"et al.  \"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.\"  ,  (2017)"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S Kumar, G Stecher, M Li, et al.  \"Mol Biol Evol.\"  35, \"MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms.\" 1547 (2018)","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Schachner, M Matos, B Grafl, et al.  \"Avian Pathol.\"  47, \"Fowl adenovirus-induced diseases and strategies for their control\u2014a review on the current global situation.\" 111 (2018)","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2017.1385724"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B Grafl, F Aigner, D Liebhart, et al.  \"Avian Pathol.\"  41, \"Vertical transmission and clinical signs in broiler breeders and broilers experiencing adenoviral gizzard erosion.\" 599 (2012)","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2012.740614"},{"key":"22","unstructured":"KA Schat  and HS Sellers  \"A laboratory manual for the isolation and identification of avian pathogens.\"  , \"Cell-culture methods.\" 195 (2008)"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Meulemans, M Boschmans, TP Van den Berg, et al.  \"Avian Pathol.\"  30, \"Polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction enzyme analysis for detection and differentiation of fowl adenoviruses.\" 655 (2001)","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450120092143"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Ojkic, E Martin, J Swinton, et al.  \"Avian Pathol.\"  37, \"Genotyping of Canadian isolates of fowl adenoviruses.\" 95 (2008)","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450701805324"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Morshed, H Hosseini, AG Langeroudi, et al.  \"Avian Dis.\"  61, \"Fowl adenoviruses D and E cause inclusion body hepatitis outbreaks in broiler and broiler breeder pullet flocks.\" 205 (2017)","DOI":"10.1637\/11551-120516-Reg.1"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B Cowen, GB Mitchell, BW Calnek,  \"Avian Dis.\"  22, \"An adenovirus survey of poultry flocks during the growing and laying periods.\" 115 (1978)","DOI":"10.2307\/1589514"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GL Kaj\u00e1n, S Kecskem\u00e9ti, B Harrach, et al.  \"Vet Microbiol.\"  167, \"Molecular typing of fowl adenoviruses, isolated in Hungary recently, reveals high diversity.\" 357 (2013)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.09.025"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. 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McFerran,  \"Avian immunology.\"  , \"Immunity to adenoviruses\" 187 (1981)"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Mazaheri, C Prusas, M Voss, et al.  \"Arch Geflugelkd.\"  67, \"Vertical transmission of fowl Adenovirus serotype 4 investigated in specified pathogen-free birds after experimental infection.\" 6 (2003)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9098(25)00062-1"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BW Calnek, WR Shek, NA Menendez, et al.  \"Avian Dis.\"  26, \"Serological cross-reactivity of avian adenovirus serotypes in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.\" 897 (1982)","DOI":"10.2307\/1589878"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Marek, GL Kaj\u00e1n, C Kosiol, et al.  \"J Gen Virol.\"  97, \"Genetic diversity of species Fowl aviadenovirus D and Fowl aviadenovirus E.\" 2323 (2016)","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000519"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Li, G Yu, Y Niu, et al.  \"Viruses.\"  11, \"Airborne transmission of a serotype 4 fowl adenovirus in chickens.\" 262 (2019)","DOI":"10.3390\/v11030262"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Philippe, H Grgic, \u00c9 Nagy,  \"J Appl Poult Res.\"  14, \"Inclusion body hepatitis in young broiler breeders associated with a serotype 2 adenovirus in Ontario, Canada.\" 588 (2005)","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/14.3.588"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Mirzazadeh, K Asasi, A Schachner, et al.  \"Avian Dis.\"  63, \"Gizzard erosion associated with fowl adenovirus infection in slaughtered broiler chickens in Iran.\" 568 (2019)","DOI":"10.1637\/aviandiseases-D-19-00069"}],"container-title":["Avian Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/avian-diseases\/volume-65\/issue-1\/aviandiseases-D-20-00107\/Longitudinal-Serological-Monitoring-of-Commercial-Broiler-Breeders-for-Fowl-Adenoviruses\/10.1637\/aviandiseases-D-20-00107.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:01:12Z","timestamp":1793440872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/avian-diseases\/volume-65\/issue-1\/aviandiseases-D-20-00107\/Longitudinal-Serological-Monitoring-of-Commercial-Broiler-Breeders-for-Fowl-Adenoviruses\/10.1637\/aviandiseases-D-20-00107.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1637\/aviandiseases-d-20-00107","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-2086","1938-4351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-2086","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-4351","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]}}}