{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T06:34:24Z","timestamp":1793428464671,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Avian Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Reporte de caso- Ca\u00edda en la producci\u00f3n de huevo inducida por el virus del Nilo Occidental en patas reproductoras Pek\u00edn comerciales. Una ca\u00edda repentina en la producci\u00f3n de huevos en parvadas comerciales de aves de corral puede ser econ\u00f3micamente devastadora, y la identificaci\u00f3n r\u00e1pida de la causa a menudo requiere un esfuerzo combinado entre el productor, el veterinario y el pat\u00f3logo. En septiembre del 2019, una parvada comercial de patos Pekin reproductores de 35 semanas de edad en Indiana sufri\u00f3 una ca\u00edda en la producci\u00f3n de huevos de 1700 a 1000 huevos diarios (una ca\u00edda de 41.2%). Nuevamente, en septiembre del 2021, tres parvadas de patos reproductores de Pek\u00edn de 32, 58 y 62 semanas de edad de la misma empresa sufrieron una ca\u00edda similar en la producci\u00f3n de huevos, con un leve aumento en la mortalidad semanal de 1.0 % a 2.5 %. En 2019 y 2021, aves de las parvadas afectadas se enviaron al Laboratorio de Diagn\u00f3stico Veterinario de la Universidad Estatal de Michigan para un examen post mortem. Los hallazgos comunes del examen macrosc\u00f3pico incluyeron \u00f3vulos fl\u00e1cidos, encogidos o atrofiados (todas las gallinas), pododermatitis, aerosaculitis, hepatomegalia, esplenomegalia, ascitis y palidez del ventr\u00edculo izquierdo. El examen histopatol\u00f3gico del cerebro, el cerebelo y el tronco encef\u00e1lico revel\u00f3 infiltrado perivascular linfoc\u00edtico leve, vasculitis y gliosis, lo que sugiere una encefalitis viral. En el coraz\u00f3n, hab\u00eda necrosis de cardiomiocitos multifocal leve, mineralizaci\u00f3n e infiltraci\u00f3n por linfocitos y macr\u00f3fagos. Se realiz\u00f3 PCR para el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle, el virus de la influenza aviar, el virus de la encefalitis equina del este y para el virus del Nilo Occidental (WNV). Las muestras de cerebro y coraz\u00f3n dieron positivo para el virus del Nilo Occidental mediante PCR, y se detect\u00f3 ant\u00edgeno del virus del Nilo Occidental en el cerebelo mediante inmunohistoqu\u00edmica. Este es el primer reporte que asocia la infecci\u00f3n por el virus del Nilo Occidental con una ca\u00edda en la producci\u00f3n de huevos en aves acu\u00e1ticas, que se sabe que son importantes especies reservorio del virus del Nilo Occidental y, como tales, generalmente son asintom\u00e1ticos.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1637\/aviandiseases-d-22-00044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T16:38:02Z","timestamp":1674491882000},"page":"114-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["West Nile Virus\u2013Induced Drop in Egg Production in Commercial Pekin Duck Breeders"],"prefix":"10.1637","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Mayra F.","family":"Tsoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Fulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1212","reference":[{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Su, S Li, X Hu, et al.  \"PLOS ONE.\"  6, \"Duck egg-drop syndrome caused by BYD virus, a new Tembusu-related flavivirus.\" e18106 (2011)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018106"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P Yan, Y Zhao, X Zhang, et al.  \"Virology.\"  417, \"An infectious disease of ducks caused by a newly emerged Tembusu virus strain in mainland China.\" 1 (2011)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2011.06.003"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HS Ip, AJ Van Wettere, L McFarlane, et al.  \"PLoS Curr.\"  6, \"West Nile Virus transmission in winter: The 2013 Great Salt Lake bald eagle and eared grebes mortality event.\" ecurrents (2014)","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.outbreaks.b0f031fc8db2a827d9da0f30f0766871"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Banet-Noach, L Simanov, M Malkinson,  \"Avian Pathol.\"  32, \"Direct (non-vector) transmission of West Nile virus in geese.\" 489 (2003)","DOI":"10.1080\/0307945031000154080"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E McDonald, S Mathis, SW Martin, et al.  \"Am J Transplant.\"  21, \"Surveillance for West Nile virus disease - United States, 2009-2018.\" 1959 (2021)","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16595"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Habarugira, WW Suen, J Hobson-Peters, et al.  \"Pathogens.\"  9, \"West Nile Virus: An Update on Pathobiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Control and \u201cOne Health\u201d Implications.\" 589 (19)","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9070589"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TW Chuang, RG Knepper, WW Stanuszek, et al.  \"J Med Entomol.\"  48, \"Temporal and spatial patterns of West Nile virus transmission in Saginaw County, Michigan, 2003-2006.\" 1047 (2011)","DOI":"10.1603\/ME10138"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TG. 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West Nile virus as warnings of human infection.\" 483 (2003)","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0904.020421"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"\"West Nile virus home: statistics & maps.\""},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LA Gustafson, HW Cheng, JP Garner, et al.  \"Poult Sci.\"  86, \"The effects of different bill-trimming methods on the well-being of Pekin ducks.\" 1831 (2007)","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.9.1831"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N Komar, S Langevin, S Hinten, et al.  \"Emerg Infect Dis.\"  9, \"Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus.\" 311 (2003)","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0903.020628"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V Gamino  and U H\u00f6fle  \"Vet Res.\"  44, \"Pathology and tissue tropism of natural West Nile virus infection in birds: A review.\" 39 (2013)","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-44-39"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AM Kilpatrick  and SS Wheeler  \"J Med Entomol.\"  56, \"Impact of West Nile virus on bird populations: limited lasting effects, evidence for recovery, and gaps in our understanding of impacts on ecosystems.\" 1491 (2019)","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjz149"}],"container-title":["Avian 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