{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T06:33:56Z","timestamp":1793428436611,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Avian Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Evaluaci\u00f3n de la respuesta inmune en pavos comerciales afectados por dermatitis clostridial. La dermatitis clostridial (CD), causada por Clostridium septicum y Clostridium perfringens, es una enfermedad emergente econ\u00f3micamente importante de los pavos caracterizada por muerte s\u00fabitas y dermatitis necr\u00f3tica. Se conoce poco acerca de las respuestas inmunitarias en pavos comerciales afectados por dermatitis clostridial. En el presente estudio, se aisl\u00f3 C. septicum de pavos comerciales afectados por dermatitis clostridial durante un brote reciente, y los tejidos (piel, m\u00fasculo y bazo) se recolectaron y analizaron para determinar la expresi\u00f3n de genes inmunitarios junto con muestras de aves cl\u00ednicamente sanas. Los resultados mostraron que los pavos afectados por dermatitis clostridial ten\u00edan niveles significativamente m\u00e1s altos de transcritos de IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IFN\u03b3, and iNOS en los tejidos de la piel, los m\u00fasculos y el bazo en comparaci\u00f3n con las aves sanas. Los pavos afectados tambi\u00e9n ten\u00edan una transcripci\u00f3n significativamente elevada del gene del receptor tipo toll (TLR21) en los tejidos de la piel y el bazo, lo que sugiere un papel de este receptor en el reconocimiento inmunitario. La expresi\u00f3n de los genes IL-4 e IL-13 en el bazo y el m\u00fasculo tambi\u00e9n fue significativamente mayor en las aves afectadas. Aves adicionales de las mismas granjas afectadas y sanas que fueron examinadas por serolog\u00eda revelaron que los pavos afectados por dermatitis clostridial ten\u00edan niveles significativamente m\u00e1s altos de anticuerpos s\u00e9ricos IgM e IgY. Adem\u00e1s, la estimulaci\u00f3n in vitro de los macr\u00f3fagos MQ-NCSU con C. septicum condujo a una regulaci\u00f3n transcripcional significativamente al alza de los genes IL-1\u03b2 and IFN\u03b3, mientras que la expresi\u00f3n del gene IL-10 se regul\u00f3 a la baja. La expresi\u00f3n superficial de la prote\u00edna MHC-II y la producci\u00f3n celular de \u00f3xido n\u00edtrico tambi\u00e9n aumentaron significativamente en los macr\u00f3fagos estimulados por C. septicum, lo que indica activaci\u00f3n celular. Colectivamente, estos hallazgos sugieren que las respuestas del hu\u00e9sped en pavos afectados por dermatitis clostridial implican una respuesta inflamatoria robusta, as\u00ed como una respuesta mediada por citoquinas IL4\/IL-13 que pueden ayudar en la inmunidad mediada por anticuerpos.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1637\/aviandiseases-d-22-00089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T07:30:30Z","timestamp":1678865430000},"page":"80-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Immune Response Evaluation in Commercial Turkeys Affected with Clostridial Dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1637","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Valeria","family":"Criollo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carissa","family":"Gaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feba","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Butterball LLC, P.O. Box 10009, Goldsboro, NC 27532"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Thachil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology & Mycology Division, Rollins Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, 4400 Reedy Creek Road, Raleigh, NC 27607"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocio","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raveendra R.","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1212","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CD Gornatti-Churria, M Crispo, HL Shivaprasad, et al.  \"J Vet Diagn Invest.\"  30, \"Gangrenous dermatitis in chickens and turkeys.\" 188 (2018)","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638717742435"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Tellez, NR Pumford, MJ Morgan, et al.  \"J Vet Diagn Invest.\"  21, \"Evidence for Clostridium septicum as a primary cause of cellulitis in commercial turkeys.\" 374 (2009)","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870902100313"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AJ Thachil, B McComb, MM Andersen, et al.  \"Avian Dis.\"  54, \"Role of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum in causing turkey cellulitis.\" 795 (2010)","DOI":"10.1637\/9009-080309-Reg.1"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Clark, R Porter, B McComb, et al.  \"Avian Dis.\"  54, \"Clostridial dermatitis and cellulitis: an emerging disease of turkeys.\" 788 (2010)","DOI":"10.1637\/9147-111309-Review.1"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CA Lancto, LK Foster, MM Kromm, et al.  \"Avian Dis.\"  58, \"A noncytolytic alpha toxin recombinant protein protects turkeys against Clostridium septicum challenge.\" 566 (2014)","DOI":"10.1637\/10826-032314-Reg.1"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AJ Thachil, DP Shaw, KV Nagaraja,  \"Avian Dis.\"  58, \"Effects of dexamethasone immunosuppression on turkey clostridial dermatitis.\" 433 (2014)","DOI":"10.1637\/10819-031314-Reg.1"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N Sun, R Zhang, G Duan, et al.  \"BMC Biotechnol.\"  17, \"An engineered food-grade Lactococcus lactis strain for production and delivery of heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit to mucosal sites.\" 25 (2017)","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-017-0345-6"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AJ Thachil, B McComb, M Kromm, et al.  \"Avian Dis.\"  57, \"Vaccination of turkeys with Clostridium septicum bacterin-toxoid: evaluation of protection against clostridial dermatitis.\" 214 (2013)","DOI":"10.1637\/10421-101512-Reg.1"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. 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