{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T11:33:55Z","timestamp":1793446435061,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Avian Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Erysipelas is a bacterial disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae that affects multiple mammalian and avian species. In poultry, the disease is of sporadic prevalence and more often observed in older birds, leading to decreased egg production and mortality. Among avian species, turkey breeders seem to be the most affected, but outbreaks have been reported in ducks, layer chickens, quails, geese, and various captive and free-range birds. Sixty-seven cases of erysipelas have been diagnosed in animals submitted for necropsy evaluation at the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System from January 2000 to December 2019. Of these, 38 cases (56.72%) were in avian species, and a retrospective analysis of these avian cases was performed. The majority of the avian cases were in turkeys (17\/38, 44.74%). Most of the turkey breeder cases reported performing artificial insemination prior to the increase in mortality. In other birds, mortality was often observed without observing previous clinical signs. The majority of cases presented with coinfections with other pathogens (23\/38, 60.53%), which might have affected the clinical outcome. Despite the occasional occurrence in avian species, erysipelas is an important pathogen in poultry and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in other avian species when acute septicemia is suspected as the cause of mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1637\/aviandiseases-d20-00038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T06:51:16Z","timestamp":1610088676000},"page":"499-506","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Retrospective Summary of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Diagnosed in Avian Species in California (2000\u201319)"],"prefix":"10.1637","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Ana P.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Turlock Branch, University of California, Davis, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turlock Branch, University of California, Davis, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Blakey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turlock Branch, University of California, Davis, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Jerry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turlock Branch, University of California, Davis, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. L.","family":"Shivaprasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulare Branch, University of California, Davis, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 18760 Road 112, Tulare, CA 93274"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Stoute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turlock Branch, University of California, Davis, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1212","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"H. 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Andreasen,  \"Diseases of poultry.\"  , \"Staphylococcosis.\" 995 (2020)"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H Huber, D Ziegler, V Pfluger, et al.  \"BMC Vet Res.\"  7, \"Prevalence and characteristics of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from livestock, chicken carcasses, bulk tank milk, minced meat, and contact persons.\" 6 (2011)","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-7-6"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BD Gartrell, MR Alley, H Mack, et al.  \"Avian Pathol.\"  34, \"Erysipelas in the critically endangered kakapo (Strigops habroptilus).\" 383 (2005)","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450500268583"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T Opriessnig, RK Vance, PG Halbur,  \"J Vet Diagn Invest.\"  17, \"Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae septicemia in a Laughing kookaburra (Dacelo novaeguineae).\" 497 (2005)","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870501700519"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TM Work, D Ball, M Wolcott,  \"Avian Dis.\"  43, \"Erysipelas in a free-ranging Hawaiian crow (Corvus hawaiiensis).\" 338 (1999)","DOI":"10.2307\/1592627"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Xie, CD Hsu, BZY Tan, et al.  \"J Comp Pathol.\"  172, \"Erysipelothrix septicaemia and hepatitis in a colony of Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti).\" 5 (2019)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2019.08.004"}],"container-title":["Avian Diseases"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/avian-diseases\/volume-64\/issue-4\/aviandiseases-D20-00038\/Retrospective-Summary-of-Erysipelothrix-rhusiopathiae-Diagnosed-in-Avian-Species-in\/10.1637\/aviandiseases-D20-00038.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T11:20:09Z","timestamp":1793445609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/avian-diseases\/volume-64\/issue-4\/aviandiseases-D20-00038\/Retrospective-Summary-of-Erysipelothrix-rhusiopathiae-Diagnosed-in-Avian-Species-in\/10.1637\/aviandiseases-D20-00038.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1637\/aviandiseases-d20-00038","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-2086","1938-4351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-2086","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-4351","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]]}}}