{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T11:32:52Z","timestamp":1793446372333,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Avian Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Avian chlamydiosis is an infection caused by obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Chlamydiaceae family. Birds can be hosts of several Chlamydia species, including Chlamydia avium, which has only been detected in pigeons and psittacine birds. In this study, depression, respiratory distress, and mortality were noted among psittacines belonging to a large aviary with 35 different avian species. On the basis of immunohistochemistry and PCR testing, chlamydiosis was diagnosed in affected birds. Gross and histopathologic lesions were mainly observed in the spleen and gastrointestinal tract. Chlamydia avium was detected in four psittacines by PCR, including two dead birds and two individuals exhibiting respiratory distress. Increased aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase values and anemia were consistently identified in affected birds. Administration of doxycycline, combined with hepatoprotectors and vitamins, was effective in stopping mortality and bacterial shedding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1637\/aviandiseases-d20-00043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T07:00:43Z","timestamp":1610089243000},"page":"542-546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Captive Psittacines with Chlamydia avium Infection"],"prefix":"10.1637","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Florine","family":"Popelin-Wedlarski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioparc de Dou\u00e9 la Fontaine, 49700 Dou\u00e9 en Anjou, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia","family":"Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioparc de Dou\u00e9 la Fontaine, 49700 Dou\u00e9 en Anjou, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Aaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Paris-Est, Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France 94706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Vorimore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Paris-Est, Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France 94706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Lagourette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, Amboise, France 37400"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Crispo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Toulouse, Poultry and Swine Clinic, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, France 31000"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Borel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 8057"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Laroucau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Paris-Est, Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France 94706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1212","reference":[{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DS Guzman, O Diaz-Figueroa, T Tully, et al.  \"J Avian Med Surg.\"  24, \"Evaluating 21-day doxycycline and azithromycin treatments for experimental Chlamydophila psittaci infection in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus).\" 35 (2010)","DOI":"10.1647\/2009-009R.1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Sachse, K Laroucau, K Riege, et al.  \"Syst Appl Microbiol.\"  37, \"Evidence for the existence of two new members of the family Chlamydiaceae and proposal of Chlamydia avium sp. nov. and Chlamydia gallinacea sp. nov.\" 79 (2014)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2013.12.004"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E Circella, N Pugliese, G Todisco,  \"Exp Appl Acarol.\"  55, \"Chlamydia psittaci infection in canaries heavily infested by Dermanyssus gallinae.\" 329 (2011)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-011-9478-9"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Ehricht, P Slickers, S Goellner, et al.  \"Mol Cell Probes.\"  20, \"Optimized DNA microarray assay allows detection and genotyping of single PCRamplifiable target copies.\" 60 (2006)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2005.09.003"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Pantchev, R Sting, R Bauerfeind, et al.  \"Vet J.\"  181, \"New real-time PCR tests for species-specific detection of Chlamydophila psittaci and Chlamydophila abortus from tissue samples.\" 145 (2009)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2008.02.025"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Sachse, K Laroucau, D Vanrompay,  \"Curr Clin Micro Rpt.\"  2, \"Avian chlamydiosis.\" 10 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-014-0010-y"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EF Kaleta  and EMA Taday  \"Avian Pathol.\"  32, \"Avian host range of Chlamydophila spp. based on isolation, antigen detection and serology.\" 435 (2003)","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450310001593613"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Laroucau, F Vorimore, R Aaziz, et al.  \"Syst Appl Microbiol.\"  42, \"Chlamydia buteonis, a new Chlamydia species isolated from a red-shouldered hawk.\" 125997 (2019)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2019.06.002"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B Pisanu, K Laroucau, R Aaziz, et al.  \"J Exot Pet Med.\"  2, \"Chlamydia avium detection from a ring-necked parakeet (Psittacula krameri) in France.\" 68 (2018)","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2018.02.035"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Balsamo, AM Maxted, JW Midla, et al.  \"J Avian Med Surg.\"  31, \"Compendium of measures to 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Gouldian finch (Chloebia gouldiae).\" 216 (2020)","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086-64.2.216"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"et al.  \"Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1798\/95 of July 25, 1995 amending Annex IV to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377\/90 laying down a community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin.\"  ,  ()"}],"container-title":["Avian 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