{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T19:57:06Z","timestamp":1770580626858,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"DOI":"10.1638\/2015-0121.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]],"date-time":"2016-03-24T22:14:22Z","timestamp":1458857662000},"page":"29-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF A MEDETOMIDINE\u2013AZAPERONE\u2013ALFAXALONE COMBINATION IN CAPTIVE WHITE-TAILED DEER (<i>ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Kylie","family":"Pon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Caulkett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murray","family":"Woodbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b01","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2008.00286.x"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakker J, Uilenreef JJ, Pelt ER, Brok HP, Remarque EJ, Langermans JA. Comparison of three different sedative-anaesthetic protocols (ketamine, ketamine-medetomidine and alphaxalone) in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). BMC Vet Res. 2013;9(113):1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-113"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boesch JM, Boulanger JR, Curtis PD, Erb HN, Ludders JW, Kraus MS, Gleed RD. Biochemical variables in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) after chemical immobilization in clover traps or via ground-darting. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2011;42(1):18\u201328.","DOI":"10.1638\/2009-0146.1"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouts T, Karunaratna D, Berry K, Dodds J, Gasthuys F, Routh A, Taylor P. Evaluation of medetomidine-alfaxalone and medetomidine-ketamine in semi-free ranging bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus). J Zoo Wildl Med. 2011;42(4):617\u2013622.","DOI":"10.1638\/2010-0246.1"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b05","unstructured":"Cattet MRL, Caulkett NA, Polischuk SC, Ramsay MA. Anesthesia of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with zolazepam-tiletamine, medetomidine-ketamine, and medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine. J Zoo Wildl Med. 1999;30(3):354\u2013360."},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b06","unstructured":"Caulkett NA. Anesthesia for North American cervids. Can Vet J. 1997;38:389\u2013390."},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b07","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-33.3.618"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b08","unstructured":"Caulkett NA, Cattet MRL, Cantwell S, Cool N, Olsen W. Anesthesia of wood bison with medetomidine-zolazepam\/tiletamine and xylazine-zolazepam\/tiletamine combinations. Can Vet J. 2000;41:49\u201353."},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b09","unstructured":"Caulkett NA, Cattet MRL, Caulkett JM, Polischuk SC. Comparative physiologic effects of Telazol\u00ae, medetomidine-ketamine, and medetomidine-Telazol\u00ae in captive polar bears (Ursus maritimus). J Zoo Wildl Med. 1999;30(4):504\u2013509."},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b10","unstructured":"Caulkett NA, Cribb PH, Haigh JC. Comparative cardiopulmonary effects of carfentanil-xylazine and medetomidine-ketamine used for immobilization of mule deer and mule deer\/white-tailed deer hybrids. Can J Vet Res. 2000;64:64\u201368."},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b11","unstructured":"Caulkett NA, Duke T, Cribb PH. Cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine: ketamine in domestic sheep (Ovis ovis) maintained in sternal recumbency. J Zoo Wildl Med. 1996;27(2):217\u2013226."},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b12","unstructured":"Caulkett NA, Pon K, Woodbury MR. Alfaxalone in combination with medetomidine and azaperone, for immobilization of captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Proc Am Assoc Zoo Vet; 2014. p. 27."},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.85.19.512"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fahlman \u00c5 , Caulkett N, Arnemo JM, Neuhaus P, Ruckstuhl KE. Efficacy of a portable oxygen concentrator with pulsed delivery for treatment of hypoxemia during anesthesia of wildlife. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2012; 43:67\u201376.","DOI":"10.1638\/2011-0064.1"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fahlman \u00c5, Caulkett N, Woodbury M, Duke-Novakovski T, Wourms V. Low flow oxygen therapy from a portable oxygen concentrator or an oxygen cylinder effectively treats hypoxemia in anesthetized white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). J Zoo Wildl Med. 2014;45(2):272\u2013277.","DOI":"10.1638\/2013-0097R.1"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12033"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13478265"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00872.x"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90299-3"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huynh M, Poumeyrol S, Pignon C, Le Teuff G, Zilberstein L. Intramuscular administration of alfaxalone for sedation in rabbits. Vet Rec [Internet]. 2014[cited 29 January 2015]:1\u20135. Available from doi:10.1136\/vr.102522","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102522"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b21","unstructured":"Jalanka HH, Roeken BO. The use of medetomidine, medetomidine-ketamine combinations, and atipamezole in nondomestic mammals: a review. J Zoo Wildl Med. 1990;21(3):259\u2013282."},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1976.tb07637.x"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mich PM, Wolfe LL, Sirochman TM, Sirochman MA, Davis TR, Lance WR, Miller MW. Evaluation of intramuscular butorphanol, azaperone, and medetomidine and nasal oxygen insufflation for the chemical immobilization of white-tailed deer,Odocoileus virginianus. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2008;39(3):480\u2013487.","DOI":"10.1638\/2007-0150.1"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-45.2.457"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-31.2.259"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00406.x"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00428.x"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-36.4.670"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rawlings C, Kolata R. Cardiopulmonary effects of thiopental\/lidocaine combination during anesthetic induction in the dog. Am J Vet Res. 1983;44(1):144\u2013149.","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1983.44.01.144"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-36.3.450"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Read MR. A review of alpha2adrenoreceptor agonists and the development of hypoxemia in domestic and wild ruminants. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2003;34(2):134\u2013138.","DOI":"10.1638\/1042-7260(2003)034[0134:AROAAA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b32","unstructured":"Read MR, Caulkett NA, Symington A, Shury TK. Treatment of hypoxemia during xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam immobilization of wapiti. Can Vet J. 2001;42:861\u2013864."},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scurtu I, Giurgiu G, Popovici C, Beteg F, Mircean M. Congenital aortic stenosis in a german shepherd\u2014case report. Bull Univ Agric Sci Vet Med Cluj Napoca. 2014;71(2):385\u2013388.","DOI":"10.15835\/buasvmcn-vm:10512"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-45.2.468"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b35","unstructured":"Sinclair MD. A review of the physiological effects of \u03b12-agonists related to the clinical use of medetomidine in small animal practice. Can Vet J. 2003;44:885\u2013897."},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/2014-02-026"},{"key":"i1042-7260-47-1-29-b39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02926.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T23:35:11Z","timestamp":1748820911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.bioone.org\/doi\/10.1638\/2015-0121.1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1638\/2015-0121.1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2015-0121.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}}}