{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T09:34:35Z","timestamp":1793439275545,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A retrospective study was performed to describe patient and fracture characteristics, treatments, complications, and outcomes associated with femoral fractures in free-ranging birds of prey. Cases were identified from the electronic database and included raptors admitted with femoral fractures at the Bird of Prey Clinic of the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, from 1986 to 2018. In total, 119 individuals from 24 species, with 123 femoral fractures, were included in the study. Twenty-seven birds (23%) were declared dead upon arrival. Ninety-two birds (77%) were admitted alive; 80 with acute fractures and 12 with a fracture that had already healed. A conservative treatment (cage rest) was used to manage eight fractures. Surgical repair was attempted on 34 femoral fractures in 33 birds. An intramedullary pin alone was used in 28 cases (82%), and an external skeletal fixator-intramedullary pin tie-in fixator was used in 6 cases (18%). For surgically treated fractures, 19 healed (in 18 birds), 4 did not heal, and 11 birds died or were euthanized before healing could be achieved. Of the 23\/34 fractures where the healing process could be assessed, healing rate for comminuted fractures (11\/23) was 91% (10\/11). Surgical complications occurred in 10 cases (including 7 cases of migration and loosening of the pin, and 1 case of osteomyelitis), leading to euthanasia in 4 cases. Out of the 21 birds with acute femoral fracture upon presentation that were released, 14 had received a surgical treatment and 7 had received a conservative treatment. Nine of the 21 released birds (43%) had at least one other fractured bone. The majority of deaths and euthanasia occurred within 2 wk after admission (51\/59; 86%). Thirteen birds were euthanized primarily because of their femoral fracture. Thirteen birds died in treatment and 33 were deemed nonreleasable and euthanized because of a comorbidity not related to the femoral fracture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2020-0192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T07:07:54Z","timestamp":1623395274000},"page":"564-572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF FEMORAL FRACTURES IN WILD BIRDS OF PREY: 119 CASES"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Annabelle","family":"Vigneault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Desmarchelier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NH. 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Scott,  \"Raptor medicine, surgery, and rehabilitation.\"  , \"Orthopedics.\" 165 (2016)","DOI":"10.1079\/9781780647463.0165"},{"key":"26","unstructured":"MJ Souza, EL Fields, LA Degernes,  \"J Wildl Rehabil.\"  27, \"Thoracic and pelvic limb fracture and luxation management in raptors: a five-year retrospective study.\" 5 (2004)"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AJ Van Wettere, LJ Wallace, PT Redig, et al.  \"J Avian Med Surg.\"  23, \"Mechanical evaluation of various external skeletal fixator\u2013intramedullary pin tie-in configurations using a tubular plastic bone model.\" 263 (2009)","DOI":"10.1647\/1082-6742-23.4.263"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MD Wendell, JM Sleeman, G Kratz,  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  38, \"Retrospective study of morbidity and mortality of raptors admitted to Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital during 1995 to 1998.\" 101 (2002)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-38.1.101"},{"key":"29","unstructured":"H-Y Yoon, DB Fox, S-W Jeong,  \"J Vet Clin.\"  25, \"Long bone fractures in raptors: 28 cases (2004\u20132007).\" 215 (2008)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T09:07:08Z","timestamp":1793437628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-52\/issue-2\/2020-0192\/A-RETROSPECTIVE-STUDY-OF-FEMORAL-FRACTURES-IN-WILD-BIRDS-OF\/10.1638\/2020-0192.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2020-0192","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]}}}