{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:56:19Z","timestamp":1791248179546,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi ssp.) are endangered in Mexico. Safe anesthetic protocols are important for in situ and ex situ conservation problems. Such protocols are scarce in the literature; nor have safety and physiologic responses been reported. High doses and volume are a counter side for field immobilizations. We tested an anesthetic protocol with a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam (5 mg\/kg) plus xylazine (1 mg\/kg) in 14 black-handed spider monkeys under human care from two facilities in Mexico. Physiological parameters such as HR, RR, T, SPO2, systolic arterial pressure (), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and median arterial pressure (MAP) were obtained. HR and RR decreased over time, but T increased significantly during the anesthetic time for the whole group; RR and T decreased for juveniles only. Variation between individuals was observed for HR, RR, and DAP. Volume reduction of drugs was achieved compared to previously reported anesthesia protocols. Induction time was fast (6.2 \u00b1 10.4 min) and no tail prehension was seen. Recovery was prolonged (mean and SD). Physiologic parameters remained stable throughout. The protocol proved to be safe for the chemical immobilization of black-handed spider monkeys.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2020-0214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T09:22:07Z","timestamp":1718270527000},"page":"466-470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["TILETAMINE-ZOLAZEPAM-XYLAZINE ANESTHESIA IN EX SITU BLACK-HANDED SPIDER MONKEYS (ATELES GEOFFROYI SSP.)"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Julio A.","family":"Mercado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horacio de la","family":"Cueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacobo Romano","family":"Noriega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro N.","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Lamberski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Agoramoorthy  and R Rudran  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  30, \"Field application of Telazol\u00ae (tiletamine tydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride) to immobilize wild red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in Venezuela.\" 417 (1994)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-30.3.417"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P Calle  and J. Joslin  \"Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine.\"  8, \"Chapter 37: New world and old-world monkeys.\" 306 (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4557-7397-8.00037-2"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MC Crofoot, TM Norton, RG Lessnau,  \"Int J Primatol.\"  30, \"Field Anesthesia and Health Assessment of Free-ranging Cebus capucinus in Panama.\" 125 (2009)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-009-9333-6"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E Cunningham, S Unwin, J Setchel,  \"Int J Primatol.\"  36, \"Darting primates in the field: a review of reporting trends and a survey of practices and their effect on the primates involved.\" 911 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-015-9862-0"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Figueiredo, N Fonseca, A Imbeloni, et al.  \"J Med Primatol.\"  44, \"Evaluation of blood pressure in feline night monkeys (Aotus azarae infulatus) under different restraint protocols.\" 349 (2015)","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12183"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"K. Glander,  \"Estudios primatologicos en M\u00e9xico [Mexican primatology studies].\"  \"Capture and marking techniques for arboreal primates.\" 299 (1993)"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KE Glander, LM Fedigan, L Fedigan, et al.  \"Folia Primatol.\"  57, \"Field methods for capture and measurement of three monkey species in Costa Rica.\" 70 (1991)","DOI":"10.1159\/000156567"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"F Gual-Sill  and E. Rendon-Franco  \"Ariadna Rangel Negr\u00edn y Domingo Canales Espinosa. La conservaci\u00f3n de los primates en M\u00e9xico; 2011.\"  \"Primates mexicanos en cautiverio [Mexican primates in captivity].\""},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B Hernandez-Godinez, H Bonilla Jaime, A Poblano, et al.  \"Animal Model Exp Med.\"  2, \"Effect of different anesthetic mixtures\u2014ketamine-xylazine, ketamine-acepromazine and tiletamine-zolazepam\u2014on the physiological and blood biochemistry parameters of male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at different ages.\" 83 (2019)","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12062"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W Karesh, R Wallace, L Painter, et al.  \"Amer J Primatol.\"  44, \"Immobilization and health assessment of free-ranging black spider monkeys (Ateles paniscus chamek).\" 107 (1998)","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)44:2<107::AID-AJP2>3.3.CO;2-G"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"YS Kwon, JH Jeon, KH Jang,  \"J Vet. Clin.\"  20, \"Comparison of tiletamine\/zolazepam, xylazine -tiletamine\/zolazepam and medetomidine-tiletamine\/zolazepam anesthesia in dogs.\" 33 (2003)"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Lemos de S\u00e1  and K. Glander  \"Geoffroy.\"  29, \"Capture techniques and morphometrics for the woolly spider monkey, or muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides, E.\" 145 (1806)","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.1350290206"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R \u00d8lberg  and M. Sinclair  \"Zoo animal and wildlife immobilization and anesthesia.\"  \"Chapter 38, Monkeys and Gibbons\" 561 (2014)","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118792919.ch38"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Osofsky  and K Hirsch  \"Oryx.\"  34, \"Chemical restraint of endangered mammals for conservation purposes: a practical primer.\" 27 (2000)","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3008.2000.00090.x"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Raposo, R Ofri, chaffer D, et al.  \"J Med Primat.\"  44, \"Evaluation of ophthalmic and hemodynamic parameters in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.) submitted to dissociative anesthetic protocols.\" 381 (2015)","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12200"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Rodas-Mart\u00ednez, D Canales, D Brousset, et al.  \"Zoo Biol.\"  32, \"Assessment of adrenocortical and gonadal hormones in male spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) following capture, restraint and anesthesia.\" 641 (2013)","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21101"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert Sapolsky  and J. Lisa  \"Am J of Prim.\"  44, \"Share. Darting terrestrial primates in the wild: a primer.\" 155 (1998)","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)44:2<155::AID-AJP6>3.3.CO;2-5"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Saunders, M Kubiak, P Dobbs,  \"J Med Primatol.\"  47, \"Determination of vertebral heart score in three species of Spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps, A. hybridus and A. paniscus).\" 1 (2017)","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12279"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P Spolti, A de Moraes, R Tamanho, et al.  \"Pesq Vet Bras.\"  2, \"Efeitos da Associacao de tiletamina\/zolazepam ou cetamina S(+)\/midazolam\/tramadol para contecao qu\u00edmica em bugios-ruivos (Allouatta guariba clamitans). Effects of the association of tiletamine\/zolazepam or ketamine S(+)\/midazolam\/tramadol for chemical containment in red-headed howler monkeys (Allouatta guariba clamitans).\" 236 (2013)","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2013000200016"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B Thoisy, I Vogel, J Reynes, et al.  \"Amer J Primatol.\"  54, \"health evaluation of translocated free-ranging primates in French Guiana.\" 1 (2001)","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.1008"},{"key":"21","unstructured":"W Tob\u00f3n, T Urquiza-Haas, G Ramos-Fern\u00e1ndez, et al.  \"Prioridades para la conservaci\u00f3n de los primates en M\u00e9xico. Priorities for primate conservation in M\u00e9xico.\"  (2012)"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JC Vie, B de Thoisy, P Pascal FoCurnier, et al.  \"Amer J Primatol.\"  45, \"Anesthesia of wild red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) with medetomidine\/ketamine and reversal by atipamezole.\" 399 (1998)","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)45:4<399::AID-AJP6>3.0.CO;2-R"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:34:47Z","timestamp":1791246887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-55\/issue-2\/2020-0214\/TILETAMINE-ZOLAZEPAM-XYLAZINE-ANESTHESIA-IN-EX-SITU-BLACK-HANDED-SPIDER\/10.1638\/2020-0214.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2020-0214","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]}}}