{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T06:42:28Z","timestamp":1776494548525,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"DOI":"10.1638\/2020-0224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T07:06:35Z","timestamp":1639638395000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY OF AFRICAN PENGUINS (SPHENISCUS DEMERSUS) UNDER MANAGED CARE IN NORTH AMERICA: 2007\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Trumpp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Bronson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"U Bechert, JM Christensen, R Poppenga, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  41, \"Pharmacokinetics of orally administered terbinafine in African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) for potential treatment of aspergillosis.\" 263 (2010)","DOI":"10.1638\/2009-0211R.1"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MW Hyatt, TA Georoff, HH Nollens, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  46, \"Voriconazole toxicity in multiple penguin species.\" 880 (2015)","DOI":"10.1638\/2015-0128.1"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MO Xavier, MP Soares, ARM Meinerz, et al.  \"Braz J Microbiol.\"  38, \"Aspergillosis: a limiting factor during recovery of captive magellanic penguins.\" 480 (2007)","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822007000300018"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NJ Parsons, RE Vanstreels, AM Schaefer,  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  54, \"Prognostic indicators of rehabilitation outcomes for adult African penguins (Spheniscus demersus).\" 54 (2018)","DOI":"10.7589\/2017-06-146"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AS Fix, C Waterhouse, EC Greiner, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  24, \"Plasmodium relictum as a cause of avian malaria in wild-caught magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus).\" 610 (1988)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-24.4.610"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KC Grim, E Van der Merwe, M Sullivan, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  34, \"Plasmodium Juxtanucleare associated with mortality in black-footed penguins (Spheniscus demersus) admitted to a rehabilitation center.\" 250 (2003)","DOI":"10.1638\/02-070"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Hope  and SL Deem  \"Zoo Biol.\"  25, \"Retrospective study of morbidity and mortality of captive jaguars (Panthera onca) in North America: 1982\u20132002.\" 501 (2006)","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.20112"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LM Mazzaro, J Meegan, D Sarran, et al.  \"J Avian Med Surg.\"  27, \"Molt-associated changes in hematologic and plasma biochemical values and stress hormone levels in African penguins (Spheniscus demersus).\" 285 (2013)","DOI":"10.1647\/2012-004"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LA Degernes, PS Lynch, HL Shivaprasad,  \"Avian Pathol.\"  40, \"Degenerative joint disease in captive waterfowl.\" 103 (2011)","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2010.541421"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"EJ Flach, MF Stevenson, GM Henderson,  \"Vet Rec.\"  126, \"Aspergillosis in gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) at Edinburgh Zoo, 1964 to 1988.\" 81 (1990)"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AE Duncan, LL Torgerson-White, SM Allard, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  47, \"An evaluation of infrared thermography for detection of bumblefoot (pododermatitis) in penguins.\" 474 (2016)","DOI":"10.1638\/2015-0199.1"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ML Grilo, RET Vanstreels, R Wallace, et al.  \"Avian Pathol.\"  45, \"Malaria in penguins\u2014current perceptions.\" 393 (2016)","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2016.1149145"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Morrison, CB Greenacre, R George, et al.  \"J Avian Med Surg.\"  32, \"Pharmacokinetics of a single dose of oral and intramuscular meloxicam in African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus).\" 102 (2018)","DOI":"10.1647\/2017-281"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AE Duncan, R Smedley, S Anthony, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  45, \"Malignant melanoma in the penguin: characterization of the clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of malignant melanoma in 10 individuals from three species of penguin.\" 534 (2014)","DOI":"10.1638\/2013-0207R1.1"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JH Carag, SJ Sander, J Kottyan, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  52, \"Pharmacokinetics of primaquine phosphate after a single oral administration to African penguins (Spheniscus demersus).\" 75 (2021)","DOI":"10.1638\/2020-0172"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RJ Crawford, PJ Barham, LG Underhill, et al.  \"Biol Conserv.\"  132, \"The influence of food availability on breeding success of African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) at Robben Island, South Africa.\" 119 (2006)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2006.03.019"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Desoubeaux, M Rodriguez, E Bronson, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  49, \"Application of 3-hydroxybutyrate measurement and plasma protein electrophoresis in the diagnosis of aspergillosis in African penguins (Speheniscus demersus).\" 696 (2018)","DOI":"10.1638\/2017-0172.1"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RW Fleischman, RA Squire, WJL Sladen, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  4, \"Pathologic confirmation of malaria (Plasmodium elongatum) in African penguins (Spheniscus demersus).\" 133 (1968)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-4.4.133"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Golembeski, SJ Sander, J Kottyan, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  50, \"Factors affecting abnormal molting in the managed African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) population in North America.\" 917 (2020)","DOI":"10.1638\/2019-0080"},{"key":"16","unstructured":"\"Spheniscus demersus.\"  \"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.\" (2018)"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JJ Kilburn, SK Cox, J Kottyan, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  45, \"Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its primary metabolite o-desmethyltramadol in African penguins (Spheniscus demersus).\" 93 (2014)","DOI":"10.1638\/2013-0190R.1"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F Mart\u00ednez, X Manteca, J Pastor,  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  44, \"Retrospective study of morbidity and mortality of captive Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) in the ex situ conservation programme (2004\u2013June 2010).\" 845 (2013)","DOI":"10.1638\/2011-0165R4.1"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L Reisfeld, M Barbirato, L Ippolito, et al.  \"Pesqui Vet Bras.\"  33, \"Reducing bumblefoot lesions in a group of captive Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) with the use of environmental enrichment.\" 791 (2013)","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2013000600017"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RB Sherley, LJ Waller, V Strauss, et al.  \"PLoS One.\"  \"Hand-rearing, release and survival of African penguin chicks abandoned before independence by moulting parents.\" (2014)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110794"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"PA. Whittington,  \"Mar Ornithol.\"  27, \"The contribution made by cleaning oiled African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) to population dynamics and conservation of the species.\" 177 (1999)"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MO Xavier, MP Soares, AL Cabana, et al.  \"Ci Anim Bras.\"  12, \"Clinical and pathological findings of aspergillosis in Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus).\" 520 (2011)","DOI":"10.5216\/cab.v12i3.4014"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SM Zalesak, CR Sanchez, AA Pich, et al.  \"J Avian Med Surg.\"  34, \"Preliminary pilot study of itraconazole after a single oral dose of a veterinary formulation solution in African penguins (Spheniscus demersus).\" 52 (2020)","DOI":"10.1647\/1082-6742-34.1.52"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T07:06:47Z","timestamp":1639638407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-52\/issue-4\/2020-0224\/RETROSPECTIVE-STUDY-OF-MORBIDITY-AND-MORTALITY-OF-AFRICAN-PENGUINS-SPHENISCUS\/10.1638\/2020-0224.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2020-0224","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]}}}