{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:54:34Z","timestamp":1791248074086,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Determination of acid-base status contributes important information about patient health, including for patients under anesthesia. There is a paucity of information about the determinants of acid-base status of large felids managed under anesthesia, and advancement of such knowledge may contribute to patient safety. This study serially monitored the individual metabolic acid-base status of 11 large felids, including lions (Panthera leo), tigers (Panthera tigris), and cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), under general anesthesia. We analyzed the contributions of measured strong ions (sodium, chloride, potassium, lactate), weak acids and buffers (albumin, phosphate and bicarbonate), and unmeasured anions to standardized extracellular base excess (SBE). A general linear model assessed for species differences in these parameters, with time since immobilization, SBE, and mean arterial pressure as covariates. By employing a Stewart-based analytical approach, it was possible to separate chloremic and unmeasured anion contributions to metabolic acid base status. This provided a basis for identifying mixed metabolic processes, generating differentials for underlying causes. Using normal acid base parameters for domestic felids, metabolic acidosis was found to be prevalent. Frequent evidence of unmeasured anion accumulation was also found, with unmeasured anions occasionally exceeding 5mmol\/L. These findings warrant further inquiry into the drivers and clinical significance of metabolic acidosis and unmeasured anion accumulations in anesthetized large felids, encouraging further anion identity studies to elucidate possible causes. Reference ranges need to be established for acid-base parameters in large felids as a foundation for interpreting more controlled, prospective research into determinants of metabolic acid-base status in these animals under anesthesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2022-0072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T05:41:43Z","timestamp":1725514903000},"page":"602-610","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["SERIAL CHANGES IN METABOLIC ACID-BASE STATUS IN THREE SPECIES OF ANESTHETIZED CAPTIVE LARGE FELID"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Nigel","family":"Dougherty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Gartrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Chatterton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baukje","family":"Lenting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SI Thoresen, A Tverdal, G Havre, et al.  \"Vet Clin Pathol.\"  24, \"Effects of storage time and freezing temperature on clinical chemical parameters from canine serum and heparinized plasma.\" 129 (1995)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.1995.tb00954.x"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Al Jaghbeer  and JA Kellum  \"Nephrol Dial Transplant.\"  30, \"Acid\u2013base disturbances in intensive care patients: etiology, pathophysiology and treatment.\" 1104 (2015)","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu289"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CM. 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Story,  \"Anesth Analg.\"  123, \"Stewart acid-base: a simplified bedside approach.\" 511 (2016)","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001261"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Togawa, S Uyama, S Takanohashi, et al.  \"Nephron Extra.\"  3, \"Adjusted anion gap is associated with glomerular filtration rate decline in chronic kidney disease.\" 113 (2013)","DOI":"10.1159\/000356461"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z Turek, R Roman Sykora, M Matejovic, et al.  \"Semin Cardiothor Vasc Anesth.\"  13, \"Anesthesia and the microcirculation.\" 249 (2009)","DOI":"10.1177\/1089253209353134"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L Vogelnest  and JJ Talbot  \"Fowler's zoo and wild animal medicine: current therapy. 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Wooten,  \"J Appl Physiol.\"  95, \"Calculation of physiological acid-base parameters in multi-compartment systems with application to human blood.\" 2333 (2003)","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00560.2003"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EW. Wooten,  \"Crit Care.\"  8, \"Science review: quantitative acid-base physiology using the Stewart model.\" 1 (2004)","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2910"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:17:48Z","timestamp":1791245868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-55\/issue-3\/2022-0072\/SERIAL-CHANGES-IN-METABOLIC-ACID-BASE-STATUS-IN-THREE-SPECIES\/10.1638\/2022-0072.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2022-0072","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]}}}