{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:51:08Z","timestamp":1791247868970,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In captivity, neotropical Seba's short-tailed bats (Carollia perspicillata) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) reproduce readily, and contraception can constitute an opportunity to prevent uncontrolled reproduction, which can lead to overpopulation as well as inbreeding. The authors developed a safe and efficient work flow, anesthetic, and surgical castration protocol for the reproductive control of a captive population of more than 500 bats housed at the rainforest house at the Vienna Zoo, Austria. An anesthetic protocol using 0.003 mg medetomidine per bat (approximately 0.18 mg\/kg) and 0.3 mg ketamine per bat (approximately 18 mg\/kg) achieved surgical anesthesia in 323\/328 bats, with the remaining five requiring supplementation with isoflurane. A single bat, which had a pre-existing underlying infection, died during anesthetic induction. Standard closed orchiectomy was performed on a total of 336 bats. The practicable and safe working protocol developed required three veterinarians and 3\u20134 assistants for the orchiectomy of this large group of captive bats. With the described work flow, the period for castration averaged 2.38 min\/bat, resulting in managing 28.2 bats\/h.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2022-0075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T06:29:37Z","timestamp":1734330577000},"page":"1114-1119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["PRACTICAL AND QUICK WORK FLOW FOR ORCHIECTOMY OF 338 BATS (CAROLLIA PERSPICILLATA) FOR POPULATION MANAGEMENT WITH INJECTABLE ANESTHESIA"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Reitl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Weissenbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Cloer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Vielgrader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"20","unstructured":"Y Moens  and X Fargetton  \"Vet Rec.\"  127, \"A comparative study of medetomidine\/ketamine and xylazine\/ketamine anaesthesia in dogs.\" 567 (1990)"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EO Clarke  and RS DeVoe  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  42, \"Ovariohysterectomy of three vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus).\" 755 (2011)","DOI":"10.1638\/2011-0026.1"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LC Metrione, JP Verstegen, DJ Heard, et al.  \"Contraception.\"  78, \"Preliminary evaluation of deslorelin, a gnrh agonist for contraception of the captive variable flying fox Pteropus hypomelanus.\" 336 (2008)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2008.04.125"},{"key":"1","unstructured":"CS. Asa,  \"Bats in captivity, Volume 1: Biological and medical aspects.\"  \"Bat contraception.\" 61 (2009)"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CS Asa  and S Boutelle  \"Zoo and wild animal medicine, Volume 7, Current therapy.\"  \"Contraception.\" 8 (2012)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-1986-4.00002-0"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"SM. Barnard,  \"Bats in captivity, Volume 1: Biological and medical aspects.\"  \"Drug formulary.\" 483 (2009)"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MJ Beetz, S Kordes, F Garc\u00eda-Rosales, et al.  \"eNeuro.\"  \"Processing of natural echolocation sequences in the inferior colliculus of Seba's fruit eating bat, Carollia perspicillata.\"","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0314-17.2017"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"D Cloutier  and DW Thomas  \"Mamm Species.\"  417, \"Carollia perspicillata.\" 1 (1992)"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"\"Contraception Products & Guidelines (Internet).\"  (2023)"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"DK. Cottrell,  \"Bats in captivity, Volume 1: Biological and medical aspects.\"  \"Small bat surgery.\" 311 (2009)"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CJ Cretekos, SD Weatherbee, CH Chen, et al.  \"Dev Dyam.\"  233, \"Embryonic staging system for the short-tailed fruit bat, Carollia perspicillata, a model organism for the mammalian order Chiroptera, based upon timed pregnancies in captive-bred animals.\" 721 (2005)","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20400"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"KE. Dematteo,  \"Wildlife contraception: Issues, methods, and applications.\"  \"Contraception in other mammals.\" 177 (2005)"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NJ Fasel, F Helfenstein, S Buff, et al.  \"Theriogenology.\"  83, \"Electroejaculation and semen buffer evaluation in the micro-bat Carollia perspicillata.\" 904 (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.11.030"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NJ Fasel, K McMillian, U Jakop, et al.  \"Reproduction.\"  157, \"Modification of sperm fatty acid composition during epididymal maturation in bats.\" 77 (2019)","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0463"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"TH. Fleming,  \"The short-tailed fruit bat: a study in plant animal interactions.\"  (1988)"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Frohlich  and J. Mayer  \"Carpenter's exotic animal formulary.\"  \"Rodents.\" 530 (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-83392-9.00009-5"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"W Greene, CJ Wheaton, R Daneault, et al.  \"JAVMA.\"  \"Outcomes from an anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone immunotherapeutic trial in large flying foxes (Pteropus vampyrus).\" (2023)","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.22.10.0170"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Heard,  \"Zoo animal and wildlife immobilization and anesthesia.\"  \"Chiropterans (bats).\" 543 (2014)","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118792919.ch36"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Heard, J Towles, D LeBlanc,  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  42, \"Evaluation of medetomidine\/ketamine for short-term immobilization of variable flying foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus).\" 437 (2006)","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-42.2.437"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"TJ Kreeger  and JM. Arnemo  \"Drug doses In: Handbook of wildlife chemical immobilization.\"  171 (2018)"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y Prud'homme, ST Ferrell, \u00c9L Couture, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  51, \"Surgical orchiectomy in fruit bats\u2014Description of two techniques in the ruwenzori long-haired fruit bat (Rousettus lanosus) and the jamaican fruit-eating bat (Artibeus jamaicensis).\" 297 (2020)","DOI":"10.1638\/2019-0171"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CC Puga, MR Beguelini, E Morielle-Versute, et al.  \"Tissue Cell.\"  48, \"The effects of castration followed testosterone supplementation in prostatic complex of Artibeus planirostris (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae).\" 252 (2016)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2016.02.006"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JJ Rasweiler  and NK Badwaik  \"Reproduction.\"  109, \"Delayed development in the short-tailed fruit bat, Carollia perspicillata.\" 7 (1997)","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1090007"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Sanchez-Migallon Guzmann, H Beaufr\u00e9re, KR Welle, et al.  \"Carpenter's exotic animal formulary.\"  \"Birds.\" 222 (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-83392-9.00005-8"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Schlenther, C Voss, M K\u00f6ssl,  \"J Assoc Res Oto.\"  15, \"Influence of ketamine\u2013xylazine anaesthesia on cubic and quadratic high-frequency distortion-product otoacoustic emissions.\" 695 (2014)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-014-0470-z"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B Sinner  and BM Graf  \"Handb Exp Pharmacol.\"  182, \"Ketamine.\" 313 (2008)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74806-9_15"},{"key":"27","unstructured":"JC Smith  and B Bolon  \"J Am Assoc Lab Anim.\"  42, \"Comparison of three commercially available activated charcoal canisters for passive scavenging of waste isoflurane during conventional rodent anesthesia.\" 10 (2003)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:55:14Z","timestamp":1791244514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-55\/issue-4\/2022-0075\/PRACTICAL-AND-QUICK-WORK-FLOW-FOR-ORCHIECTOMY-OF-338-BATS\/10.1638\/2022-0075.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2022-0075","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]}}}