{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:54:26Z","timestamp":1791248066057,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The North American (NA) porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) is a rodent species with specialized hair structures called quills designed to detach and penetrate into tissues of any human or animal coming into contact with them. The objective of this study was to characterize the fungal flora of the quills in the region of the rosette in wild NA porcupines to further define health risks to NA porcupines and any animal coming into contact with the quills. A total of 17 adult NA porcupines were sampled, and fungal culture was performed. Fungal organisms were cultured from 15 (88.2%) of 17 samples. Thirty-three isolates of 10 different fungal genera were cultured. The most frequently isolated fungi were Lodderomyces elongisporus (n = 7, 41.2%), Candida spp. (n = 3, 17.6%), and Penicillium spp. (n = 2, 11.8%). Eleven (64.7%) individuals grew multiple fungal organisms. In humans and animals quilled by porcupines, fungal culture should be considered in cases of infection, and if isolates resembling Candida spp. are isolated, matrix-assisted laser desorption\u2013ionization time of flight or molecular methods are necessary to rule out L. elongisporus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2022-0103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T05:42:10Z","timestamp":1725514930000},"page":"737-742","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["FUNGAL FLORA OF ROSETTE QUILLS IN THE NORTH AMERICAN PORCUPINE (ERETHIZON DORSATUM) IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Sara J.","family":"Sokolik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Franklin-Guild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Childs-Sanford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WK Cho, JA Ankrum, D Guo, et al.  \"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.\"  109, \"Microstructured barbs on the North American porcupine quill enable easy tissue penetration and difficult removal.\" 21289 (2012)","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1216441109"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"K Flesher, N Lam, TA Donovan,  \"Can Vet J.\"  58, \"Diagnosis and treatment of massive porcupine quill migration in a dog.\" 280 (2017)"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"\"Basic local alignment search tool.\"  (2023)"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Aho,  \"Mycopathologia.\"  83, \"Saprophytic fungi isolated from the hair of domestic and laboratory animals with suspected dermatophytosis.\" 65 (1983)","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00436886"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Al-Obaid, S Ahmad, L Joseph, et al.  \"New Microbes New Infect.\"  26, \"Lodderomyces elongisporus: a bloodstream pathogen of greater clinical significance.\" 20 (2018)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2018.07.004"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SAS Al-Qayasi, H Al-Haideri, ZA Thabit, et al.  \"Int J. Microbiol.\"  2017, \"Production, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of mycocin produced by Debaryomyces hansenii DSMZ701238.\" 2605382 (2017)","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2605382"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Campbell, KS Coyner, SC Rankin, et al.  \"Vet Dermatol.\"  21, \"Evaluation of fungal flora in normal and diseased canine ears.\" 619 (2010)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2010.00927.x"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"\"MM18 interpretive criteria for identification of bacteria and fungi by targeted DNA sequencing.\"  (2018)"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Costa, S Lahmers, S Barry, et al.  \"J Vet Cardiol.\"  16, \"Fungal pericarditis and endocarditis secondary to porcupine quill migration in a dog.\" 283 (2014)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2014.09.003"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KL Daveson  and ML Woods  \"J Med Microbiol.\"  61, \"Lodderomyces elongisporus endocarditis in an intravenous drug user: a new entity in fungal endocarditis.\" 1338 (2012)","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.047548-0"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"BH Grahn, D Szentimrey, JW Pharr, et al.  \"Can Vet J.\"  36, \"Ocular and orbital porcupine quills in the dog: a review and case series.\" 488 (1995)"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Hatanaka, I Nakamura, S Fukushima, et al.  \"Jpn J Infect Dis.\"  69, \"Catheter-related bloodstream infection due to Lodderomyces elongisporus.\" 520 (2016)","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2015.307"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"MD Johnson, KD Magnusson, CL Shmon, et al.  \"Can Vet J.\"  47, \"Porcupine quill injuries in dogs: a retrospective of 296 cases (1998\u20132002).\" 677 (2006)"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DK Langlois, DA Sutton, CL Swenson, et al.  \"J Clin Microbiol.\"  52, \"Clinical, morphological, and molecular characterization of Penicillium canis sp. nov., isolated from a dog with osteomyelitis.\" 2447 (2014)","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03602-13"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H Lee, SJ Kim, DK Kim, et al.  \"Ann Lab Med.\"  38, \"Cather-related bloodstream infection due to Lodderomyces elongisporus in a patient with lung cancer.\" 182 (2018)","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2018.38.2.182"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C le Roux, FJ Venter, RM Kirberger,  \"J S Afr Vet Assoc.\"  88, \"Cervical porcupine quill foreign body involving the spinal cord of a dog: a descriptive of various imaging modality findings.\" 1549 (2017)","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v88i0.1549"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SR Lockhart, SA Messer, MA Pfaller, et al.  \"J Clin Microbiol.\"  46, \"Lodderomyces elongisporus masquerading as Candida parapsilosis as a cause of bloodstream infections.\" 374 (2008)","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01790-07"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KA. Moriello,  \"J Med Vet Mycol.\"  29, \"Fungal flora of the haircoat of cats with and without dermatophytosis.\" 285 (1991)","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219180000441"},{"key":"19","unstructured":"I Nichita  and A Marcu  \"J Anim Sci. Biotechnol.\"  43, \"The fungal microbiota isolated from cats and dogs.\" 411 (2010)"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DJS Nucci  and J Liptak  \"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc.\"  52, \"The diagnosis and surgical management of intracardiac quill foreign body in a dog.\" 73 (2016)","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6332"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CA Oyeka  and LO Ugwu  \"Mycoses.\"  45, \"Fungal flora of human toe webs.\" 488 (2002)","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0507.2002.00796.x"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CM Philpot  and AP Berry  \"Mycopathologia.\"  87, \"The normal fungal flora of dogs: a preliminary report.\" 155 (1984)","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00436901"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JI. Pitt,  \"J Med Vet Mycol.\"  32, \"The current role of Aspergillus and Penicillium in human and animal health.\" 17 (1994)","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219480000701"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AY Prawira, S Novelina, HS Darusman, et al.  \"Anat Histol Embryol.\"  47, \"The dorsal skin structure contributes to the surface bacteria populations of Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica).\" 591 (2018)","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12401"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Rozanski,  \"Small animal emergency medicine.\"  \"Porcupine quilling.\" 905 (2019)","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119028994.ch140"},{"key":"27","unstructured":"CP Sauve, NC Sereda, CW Sereda,  \"Can Vet J.\"  53, \"Identification of an intra-cranial and intra-axial porcupine quill foreign body with computed tomography in a canine patient.\" 187 (2012)"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Seyedmousavi, SMG Bosco, S Hoog, et al.  \"Med Mycol.\"  56, \"Fungal infections in animals: a patchwork of different situations.\" 165 (2018)","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx104"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L St. Claire, C Hopf, J Peters-Kennedy, et al.  \"Vet Dermatol.\"  32, \"Regional alopecia and dermatitis due to Lodderomyces elongisporus in a North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum).\" 188 (2021)","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12911"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Verneuil, B Durand, C Marcon, et al.  \"J Mycol Med.\"  24, \"Conjunctival and cutaneous fungal flora in clinically normal dogs in southern France.\" 25 (2013)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2013.11.002"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F Wirth  and Z Goldani  \"Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis.\"  2012, \"Epidemiology of Rhodotorula: an emerging pathogen.\" 465717 (2012)","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/465717"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"U Roze, DC Locke, N Vatakis,  \"J Chem Ecol.\"  16, \"Antibiotic properties of porcupine quills.\" 725 (1990)","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01016483"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:17:53Z","timestamp":1791245873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-55\/issue-3\/2022-0103\/FUNGAL-FLORA-OF-ROSETTE-QUILLS-IN-THE-NORTH-AMERICAN-PORCUPINE\/10.1638\/2022-0103.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2022-0103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]}}}