{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:56:28Z","timestamp":1791244588733,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Free-ranging red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) commonly present to wildlife facilities and veterinary clinics for injury or illness, and bloodwork is often an essential tool in their diagnostic workup. However, the type of anticoagulant used and the sample storage time prior to processing may potentially impact hematological values. This study evaluated differences between EDTA and lithium heparin (HEP) preserved blood samples in packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), estimated WBC counts by smear, and WBC differential counts. Additionally, differences in estimated WBC counts and WBC differential counts between anticoagulant-free (AF) and anticoagulant preserved blood smears were evaluated. Values were compared at time of blood collection and again after refrigeration for two, six, and 24 hours. Packed cell volume and TS were not significantly different between type of anticoagulant or time stored. Statistically significant differences in estimated WBC counts between AF samples and ETDA samples were found at all time points after time of collection (p = 0.025, 0.021, 0.010 for t = 2, 6, 24, respectively), while no differences were noted between AF samples and HEP samples. White blood cell differential count was impacted with variable significance by both time and anticoagulant. Clinically, HEP should be considered the anticoagulant of choice in this species and consideration should be taken to evaluate samples as close to collection time as possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2023-0002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T04:19:46Z","timestamp":1741580386000},"page":"62-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["THE EFFECTS OF ANTICOAGULANT AND TIME ON HEMATOLOGIC VALUES IN RED-TAILED HAWKS (BUTEO JAMAICENSIS)"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Erica C.","family":"Bender","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha J.","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista A.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy N.","family":"Schnelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"\"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016.\"  \"Buteo jamaicensis.\" e.T22695933A93534834 (2016)","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22695933A93534834.en"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P Black, D McRuer, L Horne,  \"J Avian Med Surg.\"  25, \"Hematologic Parameters in Raptor Species in a Rehabilitation Setting Before Release\" 192 (2011)","DOI":"10.1647\/2010-024.1"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"DI. Bounous,  \"Exotic Animal Medicine for the Veterinary Technician.\"  \"Avian and Reptile Hematology.\" 381 (2016)"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TW. Campbell,  \"Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology.\"  \"Hematological Techniques in Lower Vertebrates.\" 199 (2015)","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118993705"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Cray  and J Zaias  \"Vet Clin North AM Exot Anim Pract.\"  7, \"Laboratory Procedures.\" 487 (2004)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2004.01.005"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Fourie,  \"Poult Sci.\"  56, \"Effects of Anticoagulants on the Haematocrit, Osmolality and Ph of Avian Blood.\" 1842 (1977)","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0561842"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AM. Fudge,  \"Laboratory Medicine Avian and Exotic Pets.\"  \"Avian Blood Sampling and Artifact Considerations.\" 9 (2000)","DOI":"10.1053\/saep.2000.8888"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"GJ. 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Lumeij,  \"Vet Q.\"  9, \"Avian Clinical Pathology. General Considerations.\" 249 (1987)","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1987.9694109"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"B Mafuvadze  and KH Erlwanger  \"Veterinarski arhiv.\"  77, \"The effect of EDTA, heparin and storage on the erythrocyte osmotic fragility, plasma osmolality and haematocrit of adult ostriches (Struthio camelus).\" 427 (2007)"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"IL Oikonomidis, E Milne, C Piccinelli,  \"J Vet Diagn Invest.\"  33, \"Differential White Blood Cell Counts in Rabbits: A Comparison of the ADVIA 2120 and a Manual Method.\" 670 (2021)","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387211007877"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"CL. Rumke,  \"Differential Leukocyte Counting, CAP Conference.\"  \"The statistically expected variability in differential leukocyte counting.\" 39 (1977)"},{"key":"22","unstructured":"J. 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Walberg,  \"Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine.\"  10, \"White Blood Cell Counting Techniques in Birds.\" 72 (2001)","DOI":"10.1053\/saep.2001.22051"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"V. Joseph,  \"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract.\"  2, \"Raptor hematology and chemistry evaluation.\" 689 (1999)","DOI":"10.1016\/S1094-9194(17)30116-0"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TW. 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Campbell,  \"Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology.\"  \"Peripheral blood of birds.\" 37 (2015)","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118993705"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EA Russo, L McEntee, L Applegate, et al.  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  189, \"Comparison of two methods for determination of white blood cell counts in macaws.\" 1013 (1986)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1986.189.09.1013"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:29:02Z","timestamp":1791242942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-56\/issue-1\/2023-0002\/THE-EFFECTS-OF-ANTICOAGULANT-AND-TIME-ON-HEMATOLOGIC-VALUES-IN\/10.1638\/2023-0002.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2023-0002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]}}}