{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:51:15Z","timestamp":1791247875693,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Red pandas (Ailurus fulgens) are endangered with extinction due to deforestation and habitat fragmentation. Reported causes of unexpected death in managed red pandas include kidney, liver, gastrointestinal, and cardiac disease. A previously undetailed syndrome, red panda peracute mortality syndrome, may be emerging, as red pandas have died unexpectedly, with no clear cause of death identified at necropsy. This case series describes the clinical and postmortem findings of five red pandas at Brookfield Zoo with abnormal adrenal size and associated histologic lesions as possible contributing factors to acute death. Antemortem clinical signs consisted of thin body condition, vomiting, intermittent diarrhea, neck ventroflexion, ataxia, and electrolyte abnormalities. Mortality may have been due to abnormal adrenal function, resulting in fatal electrolyte disturbances. Antemortem adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation tests indicated an inappropriate response to ACTH with persistently low cortisol and aldosterone levels after cosyntropin administration. Clinical improvement was seen when red pandas were provided steroids, but all cases were eventually fatal. Further study is needed to understand red panda peracute mortality syndrome and associated adrenal dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2023-0029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T06:31:37Z","timestamp":1734330697000},"page":"1104-1113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["EVIDENCE FOR ADRENAL DYSFUNCTION CONTRIBUTING TO PERACUTE MORTALITY SYNDROME IN RED PANDA (AILURUS FULGENS)"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Lauren P.","family":"Kane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Copper","family":"Aitken-Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lily","family":"Parkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie A.","family":"Kuzma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Colegrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha A.","family":"Delaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Makungu, WM du Plessis, M Barrows, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  47, \"Radiographic thoracic anatomy of the red panda (Ailurus fulgens).\" 781 (2016)","DOI":"10.1638\/2016-0004.1"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Neilsen, C Mans, SA Colopy,  \"Vet Surg.\"  43, \"Gastric dilatation and volvulus in a red panda (Ailurus fulgens).\" 1001 (2014)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12135.x"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JR Schlanser, D Agnew, DW Paperd, et al.  \"J Vet Med Sci.\"  76, \"Gastric dilatation-volvulus in a red panda (Ailurus fulgens).\" 901 (2014)","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.13-0567"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y Yang, H Dong, R Su, et al.  \"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl.\"  8, \"Evidence of red panda as an intermediate host of Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis species.\" 188 (2019)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2019.02.006"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Burrell, L Luo, MK Jones, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  49, \"Hematology and serum biochemistry values of the red panda subspecies (Ailurus fulgens styani).\" 384 (2018)","DOI":"10.1638\/2017-0104.1"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JP Dubey, DK Howe, M Furr, et al.  \"Vet Parasitol.\"  209, \"An update on Sarcocystis neurona infections in animals and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM).\" 1 (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.01.026"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SK. 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Polzin,  \"Textbook of veterinary internal medicine.\"  2, \"Chronic kidney disease.\" 1822 (2017)"},{"key":"25","unstructured":"\"Ailurus fulgens. 2020 May 5.\""},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Tauro, E Beltran, GB Cherubini, et al.  \"Aust Vet J.\"  96, \"Metronidazole-induced neurotoxicity in 26 dogs.\" 495 (2018)","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12772"},{"key":"28","unstructured":"L Thau, J Gandhi, S Sharma,  \"Physiology, cortisol.\"  (2023)"},{"key":"29","unstructured":"RL Thomasson  and SD Vitali  \"J Zoo Aquar Res.\"  10, \"A debilitating digestive condition in captive red panda Ailurus fulgens with animal welfare implications for the global population.\" 54 (2022)"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Van Lanen  and A Sande  \"Top Companion Anim Med.\"  29, \"Canine hypoadrenocorticism: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.\" 88 (2014)","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2014.10.001"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WM Zoll, DB Needle, SJ French, et al.  \"J Comp Pathol.\"  153, \"Sarcocystis spp. infection in two red panda cubs (Ailurus fulgens).\" 185 (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2015.04.009"},{"key":"26","unstructured":"M Taguchi, K Namikawa, T Maruo, et al.  \"Can Vet J.\"  52, \"Antibody titers for canine parvovirus type-2, canine distemper virus, and canine adenovirus type-1 in adult household dogs.\" 983 (2011)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:55:22Z","timestamp":1791244522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-55\/issue-4\/2023-0029\/EVIDENCE-FOR-ADRENAL-DYSFUNCTION-CONTRIBUTING-TO-PERACUTE-MORTALITY-SYNDROME-IN\/10.1638\/2023-0029.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2023-0029","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]}}}