{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:56:12Z","timestamp":1791248172736,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The mass extinction of amphibians necessitates specialized programs to ensure species' survival. Maryland Zoo in Baltimore houses the largest assurance population of the critically endangered Panamanian golden frog (Atelopus zeteki). However, individuals in this population experience a tetany-like syndrome, characterized by rigid\/inappropriately positioned limbs and difficulty hopping, swimming, and righting. In this study, a syndrome case definition was assigned and the associated clinical signs were described. Then, four different treatments were systematically assessed in order to find the most effective protocol for treatment and begin to elucidate its underlying causes. Eighty-three frogs fulfilled the case definition and were treated orally for 14 d with either calcium gluconate, magnesium chloride, supplemental gavage feeding, or combination of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin B complex. Frogs were tested with a defined protocol assessing hopping, righting, and swimming abilities. Testing was performed at symptom onset and repeated weekly until resolution occurred. Analyses revealed that combination treatment was significantly more effective in eliminating clinical signs of tetany syndrome. Results show the most effective way to treat this syndrome, but do not help elucidate the underlying cause. Future work will focus on examining factors (e.g., diet, husbandry) that may elicit the syndrome for a more complete understanding of its etiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2023-0075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T09:28:29Z","timestamp":1718270909000},"page":"447-452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CASE DEFINITION AND TREATMENT TRIAL OF TETANY SYNDROME IN PANAMANIAN GOLDEN FROGS (ATELOPUS ZETEKI)"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Sean P.","family":"Coyne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Shultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Flanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Bronson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CL Witte, N Lamberski, BA Rideout, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  44, \"Development of a case definition for clinical feline herpesvirus infection in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) housed in zoos.\" 634 (2013)","DOI":"10.1638\/2012-0183R.1"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R Eustace, A Wack, L Mangus, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  49, \"Causes of mortality in captive Panamanian golden frogs (Atelopus zeteki) at the Maryland zoo in Baltimore, 2001\u20132013.\" 324 (2018)","DOI":"10.1638\/2016-0250.1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HM Bustamante, LJ Livo, C Carey,  \"Integr Zool.\"  5, \"Effects of temperature and hydric environment on survival of the Panamanian Golden Frog infected with a pathogenic chytrid fungus.\" 143 (2010)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4877.2010.00197.x"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Alroy,  \"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.\"  112, \"Current extinction rates of reptiles and amphibians.\" 13003 (2015)","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508681112"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MH Becker, CL Richards-Zawacki, B Gratwicke, et al.  \"Biol Conserv.\"  176, \"The effect of captivity on the cutaneous bacterial community of the critically endangered Panamanian golden frog (Atelopus zeteki).\" 199 (2014)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2014.05.029"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AJ Crawford, KR Lips, E Bermingham,  \"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.\"  107, \"Epidemic disease decimates amphibian abundance, species diversity, and evolutionary history in the highlands of central Panama.\" 13777 (2010)","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914115107"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JP. Goff,  \"Vet J.\"  176, \"The monitoring, prevention, and treatment of milk fever and subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows.\" 50 (2008)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.12.020"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G Kritikos, JM Parr, A Verbrugghe,  \"Vet Sci.\"  \"The role of thiamine and effects of deficiency in dogs and cats.\" (2017)","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci4040059"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"C McIntosh, K Barret, SP Coyne, et al.  \"Herpetol Rev.\"  53, \"The effects of tetany syndrome on the reproductive success of Atelopus zeteki at the Maryland Zoo in Baltimore.\" 617 (2022)"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Pepe, L Colangelo, F Biamonte, et al.  \"Endocrine.\"  2020, \"Diagnosis and management of hypocalcemia.\" 485 (2020)","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02324-2"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"V Poole,  \"Golden frog husbandry manual.\"  (2006)"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"V Poole  and S Grow  \"Amphibian husbandry resource guide.\"  238 (2012)"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DB Wake  and VT Vredenburg  \"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.\"  105, \"Are we in the midst of the sixth mass extinction? A view from the world of amphibians.\" 11466 (2008)","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801921105"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:34:50Z","timestamp":1791246890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-55\/issue-2\/2023-0075\/CASE-DEFINITION-AND-TREATMENT-TRIAL-OF-TETANY-SYNDROME-IN-PANAMANIAN\/10.1638\/2023-0075.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2023-0075","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]}}}