{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:54:34Z","timestamp":1791248074132,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital abnormalities in tigers (Panthera tigris) are infrequently reported but have included ectrodactyly, cataracts, and vestibular disease. Primary hepatic disease has been documented in multiple nondomestic felid species but is considered uncommon in tigers. To the authors' knowledge, there are no previous reports of congenital abnormalities of the liver in tigers. In May 2022, two male Amur tiger cubs (Panthera tigris altaica) were born at a zoological institution via cesarean section to address dystocia, following the natural birth of a female cub. Between two and six months of age, all three cubs developed progressive lethargy, inappetence, and neurological signs consistent with hepatic encephalopathy, including obtundation and ataxia. In all three cases, serum biochemical values revealed progressive, marked elevations in hepatic enzyme levels with reduction in hepatic synthetic products (albumin, urea, cholesterol). Computed tomographic imaging showed a large cluster of aberrant tortuous vessels craniomedial to the left kidney in all three tigers, consistent with acquired extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Histologic examination of the livers identified biliary ductal plate malformations. This report details the presentation, clinical findings, diagnoses, and therapeutic interventions attempted in three Amur tiger cubs with biliary ductal plate malformation and subsequent portal hypertension with multiple acquired portosystemic shunts, an unusual abnormality not previously reported in non-domestic felids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2023-0085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T05:49:12Z","timestamp":1725515352000},"page":"788-794","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["BILIARY DUCTAL PLATE MALFORMATION WITH SECONDARY PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND MULTIPLE ACQUIRED SHUNTS IN A LITTER OF AMUR TIGERS (PANTHERA TIGRIS ALTAICA)"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"David J.","family":"Minich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Fayette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle R.","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Pisani-Konert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Ivan\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JM Bernard, KM Newkirk, AE McRee, et al.  \"Vet Pathol.\"  52, \"Hepatic lesions in 90 captive nondomestic felids presented for autopsy.\" 369 (2015)","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985814532822"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FH Adam, AJ German, JF McConnell, et al.  \"J Am Vet Assoc.\"  241, \"Clinical and clinicopathologic abnormalities in young dogs with acquired and congenital portosystemic shunts: 93 cases (2003\u20132008).\" 760 (2012)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.241.6.760"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Akiyoshi, M Hisasue, M Akiyoshi,  \"Front Vet Sci.\"  4, \"Clinicopathological findings and prognosis in canine cases diagnosed as primary hypoplasia of the portal vein.\" 224 (2017)","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00224"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EV Anglin, CN Lux, X Sun, et al.  \"J Am Vet Assoc.\"  260, \"Clinical characteristics of, prognostic factors for, and long-term outcome of dogs with multiple acquired portosystemic shunts: 72 cases (2000-2018).\" S30 (2021)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.20.12.0703"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"RS Brodey  and HL Ratcliffe  \"J Am Vet Assoc.\"  129, \"Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the tiger; two case reports.\" 100 (1956)"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Buob, AN Johnston, CRL Webster,  \"J Vet Intern Med.\"  25, \"Portal hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.\" 169 (2011)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00691.x"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JM Cullen, TSGAM van den Ingh, SE Bunch, et al.  \"WSAVA standards for clinical and histological diagnosis of canine and feline liver diseases.\"  \"Morphological classification of circulatory disorders of the canine and feline liver.\" 41 (2006)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-2791-8.50008-3"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M-A d'Anjou, D Penninck, L Cornejo, et al.  \"Vet Radiol Ultrasound.\"  45, \"Ultrasonographic diagnosis of portosystemic shunting in dogs and cats.\" 424 (2004)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2004.04076.x"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H Dou, H Yang, L Feng, et al.  \"PLoS One.\"  11, \"Estimating the population size and genetic diversity of Amur tigers in Northeast China.\" e0154254 (2016)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154254"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ME Fowler  and IM Gourley  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  1, \"Pyloric stenosis in a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris).\" 12 (1970)","DOI":"10.2307\/20094042"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KJ Fryer, JM Levine, LE Peycke, et al.  \"J Vet Intern Med.\"  25, \"Incidence of postoperative seizures with and without levetiracetam pretreatment in dogs undergoing portosystemic shunt attenuation.\" 1379 (2011)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00819.x"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L Harris, M Reems, S Dial,  \"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc.\"  53, \"An unusual case of portal hypertension secondary to primary hypoplasia of the portal vein.\" 331 (2017)","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6428"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D. 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