{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:56:37Z","timestamp":1791248197257,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Scottish population of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris), the only remaining native felid species in the United Kingdom, is critically endangered and was declared functionally extinct by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 2019. This retrospective study investigated the causes of morbidity and mortality reported in the United Kingdom captive wildcat population from 01 January 2000 to 31 December 2021. The aim was to assess the health and welfare of ex situ wildcats and, by making recommendations for management based on study findings, contribute to the sustainability of the population under managed care. Younger wildcats accounted for 85.7% of all morbidity cases (kittens, 7\/77; young adults, 59\/77), and the gastrointestinal (67.5% [52\/77]), musculoskeletal (10.4% [8\/77]), and integumentary (5.2% [4\/77]) systems were most affected. Mortality was primarily associated with disease of the gastrointestinal (13.5% [12\/89]), respiratory (13.5% [12\/89]), neurological (5.6% [5\/89]), and renal (5.6% [5\/89]) systems. One quarter of all the histopathology examinations reported gastritis with associated Helicobacter-like organisms, often combined with pancreatitis or cholangiohepatitis. Neonates represented 25% (22\/89) of all deaths, a high percentage compared with that of previous reviews in other nondomestic felids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2023-0086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T09:53:07Z","timestamp":1718272387000},"page":"369-380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY REVIEW IN THE UNITED KINGDOM EX SITU POPULATION OF EUROPEAN WILDCATS (FELIS SILVESTRIS) BETWEEN 2000 AND 2021"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Girling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Guthrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellie","family":"Milnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark F.","family":"Stidworthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Bacon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KA Terio, D McAloose, E Mitchell,  \"Pathology of wildlife and zoo animals.\"  \"Felidae.\" 263 (2018)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-805306-5.00010-9"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W Basso, R Edelhofer, W Zenker, et al.  \"Parasitology.\"  130, \"Toxoplasmosis in Pallas' cats (Otocolobus manul) raised in captivity.\" 293 (2005)","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004006584"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K Hope  and SL Deem  \"Zoo Biol.\"  25, \"Retrospective study of morbidity and mortality of captive jaguars (Panthera onca) in North America: 1982\u20132002.\" 501 (2006)","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.20112"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JE Napier, MS Lund, DL Armstrong, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  49, \"A retrospective study of morbidity and mortality in the North American Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) population in zoologic institutions from 1992 to 2014.\" 70 (2018)","DOI":"10.1638\/2017-0019R2.1"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Heaver  and M Waters  \"Zoo Biol.\"  38, \"A retrospective study of mortality in Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in UK zoos.\" 200 (2019)","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21476"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Thorel, C Pignon, P Arne, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  51, \"Clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) morbidity and mortality in captive-bred populations: A comprehensive retrospective study of medical data from 271 individuals in European, Asian, and Australian zoos.\" 150 (2020)","DOI":"10.1638\/2019-0048"},{"key":"40","unstructured":"(2020)"},{"key":"30","unstructured":"(2012)"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Womble, TA Georoff, K Helmick, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  52, \"Mortality review for the North American snow leopard (Panthera uncia) zoo population from January 1999 to December 2019.\" 145 (2021)","DOI":"10.1638\/2020-0132"},{"key":"1","unstructured":"\"Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006.\""},{"key":"2","unstructured":"A Bacon, KM Beckmann, NE Anderson, et al.  \"Scottish Wildcat Action final report: disease surveillance.\"  (2021)"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"D Barclay, R Williams, S Girling, et al.  \"Scottish wildcat (Felis silvestris) captive husbandry guidelines.\"  (2016)"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"U Breitenmoser, T Lanz, C. 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