{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:51:10Z","timestamp":1791247870513,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Flamingos in managed care are vulnerable to inflammatory states, including pododermatitis, trauma, and capture myopathy. Fatty acids are an important component of well-balanced nutrition and crucial to endogenous immune responses associated with these conditions, yet fatty acids have not been assessed in flamingos. This study reported complete whole blood circulating fatty acid profiles in two flamingo species in managed care receiving different diets. Whole blood from Chilean flamingos (Phoenicopterus chilensis) (n=16) and Caribbean flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber) (n=17) was collected during routine exams and prepared on blood spot cards for complete fatty acid profile analysis in which 24 individual fatty acids, nine fatty acids groups, and four calculated parameters were quantifiable. Non-parametric statistical analysis compared profiles between species, and between sex of Chilean flamingos. The median ratio of omega-6\/omega-3 fatty acids was 5.64. Chilean flamingos had significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher percentages of 11 individual fatty acids, total polyunsaturated and highly unsaturated fatty acids, total omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4w6)\/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5w3) ratio, and total EPA + DHA, whereas Caribbean flamingos had significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher percentages of eight individual fatty acids, and total saturated fatty acids. Male Chilean flamingos had significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher percentages of AA, EPA, and total polyunsaturated fatty acids, whereas females had significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher oleic acid (18:1w9), total monounsaturated fatty acids, and total omega-9 fatty acids. Differences reported are highly attributable to variability in diet, although differences in fatty acid synthesizing pathways and hormonal influences may also play a role. This novel fatty acid data set in healthy flamingos is a valuable reference for complete health evaluations in managed care settings. Further comparisons with controlled diets and inclusion of free-ranging animals may enhance clinical utility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2023-0109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T06:33:51Z","timestamp":1734330831000},"page":"1032-1041","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["BLOOD FATTY ACID PROFILES IN CHILEAN (PHOENICOPTERUS CHILENSIS) AND CARIBBEAN (PHOENICOPTERUS RUBER) FLAMINGOS IN MANAGED CARE"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Mumm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly D.","family":"Ange-van Heugten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Bibus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Georoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry J.","family":"Minter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Baylin, MK Kim, A Donovan-Palmer, et al.  \"Am J Epidemiol.\"  162, \"Fasting whole blood as a biomarker of essential fatty acid intake in epidemiologic studies: comparison with adipose tissue and plasma.\" 373 (2005)","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi213"},{"key":"23","unstructured":"\"Nutrient 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