{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:54:26Z","timestamp":1791248066077,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neoplasia in the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) is not commonly investigated, and literature regarding the prevalence and type of neoplasms that affect this species is sparse. Gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinoma (GTA) in particular has only been reported twice in Gila monsters, once in the small intestine and once in the colon. In this case series, 50% (7\/14) of the Gila monsters presented to the pathology service at Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute (SNZCBI) over the span of 26 yr (1997\u20132023) were found to have intestinal and\/or colonic adenocarcinoma. The frequency of GTA reported in this collection likely represents a multifactorial etiology including geriatric age of specimens, chronic inflammation, gastrointestinal tract infection, and\/or increased cognizance of the disease because of previous reports within the collection. An increased awareness of GTA in this species may lead to improved recognition of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2023-0130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T05:41:04Z","timestamp":1725514864000},"page":"795-800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ADENOCARCINOMA IDENTIFIED IN CAPTIVE GILA MONSTERS (HELODERMA SUSPECTUM) IN A NORTH AMERICAN ZOO, 1997\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Kali","family":"Holder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Katzenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G Certad, T Ngouanesavanh, K Guyot, et al.  \"Infect Agents Cancer.\"  \"Cryptosporidium parvum, a potential cause of colic adenocarcinoma.\" (2007)","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-2-22"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"RH. Cooper,  \"Proc Indiana Acad Sci.\"  78, \"Melanoma in Heloderma suspectum.\" 466 (1968)"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K Cooper-Bailey, SA Smith, K Zimmerman, et al.  \"Vet Clin Pathol.\"  \"Hematology, leukocyte cytochemical analysis, plasma biochemistry, and plasma electrophoresis of wild-caught and captive-bred Gila monsters (Heloderma suspectum).\" (2011)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2011.00337.x"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MM Garner, SM Hernandez-Divers, JT Raymond,  \"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract.\"  \"Reptile neoplasia: a retrospective study of case submissions to a specialty diagnostic service.\" (2004)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2004.04.002"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"AM Goe, DJ Heard, JR Abbott, et al.  \"Vet Q.\"  \"Surgical management of an odontogenic tumor in a banded Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum cinctum) with a novel herpesvirus.\" (2015)","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2016.1153169"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GA Hammerson, DR Frost, H. Gadsden,  \"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007.\"  \"Heloderma suspectum.\" e.T9865A13022716","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T9865A13022716.en"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"JM Magnotti, MM Garner, SJ Stahl, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  \"Retrospective review of histologic findings in captive Gila monsters (Heloderma suspectum) and bearded lizards (Heloderma horridum).\" 2021","DOI":"10.1638\/2020-0058"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M Osman, S Benamrouz, K Guyot, et al.  \"PLoS One.\"  \"High association of Cryptosporidium spp. infection with colon adenocarcinoma in Lebanese patients.\" (2017)","DOI":"10.1372\/journal.pone.0189422"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M Sawant, M Baydoun, C Creusy, et al.  \"Microorganisms.\"  \"Cryptosporidium and colon cancer: cause or consequence?\" 2020","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111665"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"NI Stacy, C Hollinger, JE Arnold, et al.  \"Vet Clin Pathol.\"  \"Left shift and toxic change in heterophils and neutrophils of non-mammalian vertebrates: a comparative review, image atlas, and practical considerations.\" 2022","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13117"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"\"Species360 Zoological Information Management System: 2022 Dec 1.\""},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"JM Sykes  and JG Trupkiewicz  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  \"Reptile neoplasia at the Philadelphia Zoological Garden, 1901\u20132002.\" (2006)","DOI":"10.1638\/04-112.1"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:18:02Z","timestamp":1791245882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-55\/issue-3\/2023-0130\/GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT-ADENOCARCINOMA-IDENTIFIED-IN-CAPTIVE-GILA-MONSTERS-HELODERMA-SUSPECTUM\/10.1638\/2023-0130.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2023-0130","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]}}}