{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:54:29Z","timestamp":1791248069904,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Wolves are commonly housed in zoological institutions and captive breeding facilities that are essential for maintaining genetic diversity and for the recovery of declining populations. Neoplasia is a common cause of mortality in wolves, but hemangiosarcoma has not previously been described. This condition was diagnosed in four red wolves (Canis rufus) and two gray wolves (Canis lupus) housed at five different institutions between 2008 and 2018. Animals were 11\u201316 yr of age at the time of presentation. Clinical signs included loss of body condition, abdominal distension, lethargy, weakness, ataxia, and hyporexia. Three animals were mildly anemic. All animals were humanely euthanized within an average of 3 d from onset of clinical signs. Two animals had primary splenic tumors, two had pelvic tumors with one originating from the aorta, and one had a cranial mediastinal mass. Diagnosis was made on postmortem histologic examination in all cases. Four wolves had evidence of metastases with foci in the lungs, lymph nodes, mesentery, liver, subcutis\/skeletal muscle, kidney, adrenal, and thyroid gland. Hemangiosarcoma should be considered in geriatric wolves presenting with nonspecific signs, particularly if abdominal distension, free peritoneal fluid, or anemia is present.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2024-0007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T05:46:08Z","timestamp":1725515168000},"page":"819-826","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["HEMANGIOSARCOMA IN RED WOLVES (CANIS RUFUS) AND GRAY WOLVES (CANIS LUPUS) IN HUMAN CARE: SIX CASES"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Jasmine Y.","family":"Sarvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Dowling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Swenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly J.","family":"Haefele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Newell-Fugate  and E Lane  \"J S Afr Vet Assoc.\"  80, \"Periaortic haemangiosarcoma in an African wild dog (Lycaon pictus).\" 108 (2009)","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v80i2.182"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KE Seeley, MM Garner, WT Waddell, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  47, \"A survey of diseases in captive red wolves (Canis rufus), 1997\u20132012.\" 83 (2016)","DOI":"10.1638\/2014-0198.1"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Acton, L Munson, W Waddell,  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  31, \"Survey of necropsy results in captive red wolves (Canis rufus), 1992\u20131996.\" 2 (2000)","DOI":"10.1638\/1042-7260(2000)031[0002:SONRIC]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L Boitani, M Phillips, Y Jhala,  \"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.\"  \"Canis lupus.\" e.T3746A119623865 (2018)","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T3746A119623865.en"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Carloni, R Terragni, AM Morselli-Labate, et al.  \"J Vet Intern Med.\"  33, \"Prevalence, distribution, and clinical characteristics of hemangiosarcoma-associated skeletal muscle metastases in 61 dogs: a whole body computed tomographic study.\" 812 (2019)","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15456"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AB De Nardi, C de Oliveira Massoco Salles Gomes, CE Fonseca-Alves, et al.  \"Cancers.\"  15, \"Diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of canine hemangiosarcoma: a review based on a consensus organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology, ABROVET.\" 2025 (2023)","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15072025"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AM Hargis, PJ Ihrke, WL Spangler, et al.  \"Vet Pathol.\"  29, \"A retrospective clinicopathologic study of 212 dogs with cutaneous hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas.\" 316 (1992)","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589202900406"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Holt, T Van Winkle, C Schelling, et al.  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  200, \"Correlation between thoracic radiographs and postmortem findings in dogs with hemangiosarcoma: 77 cases (1984\u20131989).\" 1535 (1992)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.200.10.1535"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EK Irving-Pease, H Ryan, A Jamieson, et al.  \"Paleogenomics.\"  \"Paleogenomics of animal domestication.\" 225 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/13836_2018_55"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"B Lamglait, E Trunet, A Leclerc,  \"J Zoo Aquarium Res.\"  3, \"Retrospective study of mortality of captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in a French zoo (1974\u20132013).\" 47 (2015)"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LPR Moreira, E Scurrell, P Mahoney, et al.  \"Vet Rec Case Rep.\"  8, \"Thyroid haemangiosarcoma in a seven-year-old female Shih Tzu.\" e001012 (2020)","DOI":"10.1136\/vetreccr-2019-001012"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Mullin  and CA Clifford  \"Withrow and MacEwen's small animal clinical oncology.\"  \"Miscellaneous tumors.\" 773 (2020)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-59496-7.00034-7"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Phillips,  \"The International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species.\"  \"Canis rufus.\" e.T3747A163509841 (2018)","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T3747A163509841.en"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JMM Rodr\u00edguez, F Morandi, P Cavicchio, et al.  \"Vet Sci.\"  7, \"Morphological and immunohistochemical description of a splenic haemangioma in a captive European wolf (Canis lupus lupus) and a review of the current literature.\" 102 (2020)","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7030102"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AN. Smith,  \"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract.\"  33, \"Hemangiosarcoma in dogs and cats.\" 533 (2003)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(03)00002-0"},{"key":"16","unstructured":"\"Expected test results for red wolf (Canis rufus). 2023 Oct 19.\""},{"key":"17","unstructured":"\"Expected test results for gray wolf (Canis lupus). 2023 Oct 19.\""},{"key":"18","unstructured":"\"Red wolf recovery program.\"  (2023)"},{"key":"19","unstructured":"\"2023 Mexican wolf numbers soar past 200 in latest count. 2023 Sep 21.\""},{"key":"20","unstructured":"R. Weigl,  \"Longevity of mammals in captivity; from the living collections of the world.\"  73 (2005)"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HY Yoon, HM Kang, MY Lee,  \"Ir Vet J.\"  67, \"Primary cranial mediastinal hemangiosarcoma in a young dog.\" 15 (2014)","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-0481-67-15"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:18:14Z","timestamp":1791245894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-55\/issue-3\/2024-0007\/HEMANGIOSARCOMA-IN-RED-WOLVES-CANIS-RUFUS-AND-GRAY-WOLVES-CANIS\/10.1638\/2024-0007.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2024-0007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]}}}