{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:55:16Z","timestamp":1792184116511,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Management of zoo animals relies on effective and reliable contraception. Deslorelin acetate implants (Suprelorin\u00ae) are routinely used as a contraceptive tool, therapy for reproductive disease, and to mitigate hormonally-based undesirable behaviors. Because this product was developed for use in dogs, the minimal effective dose and duration of action must be extrapolated to other species. Current dose recommendations from the Association of Zoo and Aquariums Reproductive Management Center are based on accumulated data from use in various taxa. The authors developed a novel liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry assay to measure deslorelin in serum; the method was validated for linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, precision, and specificity. This pilot study then evaluated the pharmacokinetics of deslorelin implants in vivo, using female domestic goats (Capra hircus; n = 3) each with a single 9.4-mg subcutaneous implant. Serum samples were analyzed at baseline and 31 designated time points (15 min\u2013360 d) following placement. The average maximum serum concentration (Cmax) for deslorelin was 83 ng\/ml, time to Cmax (Tmax) was 1.3 h, and a plateau phase extended from 30 to 360 d. Fecal estrogen and progestagen reflected anovulatory status following deslorelin placement in all three goats. This study demonstrates that the novel assay is able to successfully measure deslorelin acetate in serum, even to a sensitivity of 0.03 ng\/ml. This study lays the foundation for future research regarding dosage recommendations for deslorelin implants in other species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2024-0023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T08:56:23Z","timestamp":1759308983000},"page":"548-557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF DESLORELIN ACETATE ASSAY AND A PILOT STUDY ON THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF DESLORELIN ACETATE IMPLANTS AND FECAL HORMONE MONITORING IN THE DOMESTIC GOAT (CAPRA HIRCUS)"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Tess A.","family":"Rooney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Lehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Zyskowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronan","family":"Eustace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne P.","family":"Kozlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Clawitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica M.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley D.","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Buchweitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalen","family":"Agnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MK Agnew, CS Asa, AD Franklin, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  52, \"Deslorelin (Suprelorin\u00ae) Use in North American and European Zoos and Aquariums: Taxonomic Scope, Dosing, and Efficacy.\" 427 (2021)","DOI":"10.1638\/2020-0217"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Asa,  \"Fowler's zoo and wild animal medicine, Volume 9, Current therapy.\"  \"Changes in reproductive management.\" 130 (2018)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-55228-8.00022-9"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C Asa, S Boutelle, K Bauman,  \"Reprod Domest Anim.\"  47, \"AZA Wildlife Contraception Center programme for wild felids and canids.\" 377 (2012)","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12004"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"HJ Bertschinger, MA de Barros Vaz Guimaraes, TE Trigg, et al.  \"Wildl Res.\"  35, \"The use of deslorelin implants for the long-term contraception of lionesses and tigers.\" 525 (2008)","DOI":"10.1071\/WR07141"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"\"Pro-NHEt9)-LHRH (deslorelin) ELISA. Peninsula Laboratories.\"  (2021)"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S Brandli, J Palm, M Kowaleski, et al.  \"Theriogenology.\"  173, \"Long-term effect of repeated deslorelin acetate treatment in bitches for reproduction control.\" 73 (2021)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.07.015"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"MJ D'Occhio  and WJ Aspden  \"J Reprod Fertil Suppl.\"  54, \"Endocrine and reproductive responses of male and female cattle to agonists of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.\" 101 (1999)"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MJ D'Occhio, G Fordyce, TR Whyte, et al.  \"Anim Reprod Sci.\"  60, \"Reproductive responses of cattle to GnRH agonists.\" 433 (2000)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00078-6"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BL. Furman,  \"xPharm: the comprehensive pharmacology reference.\"  \"Triptorelin.\" 1 (2007)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008055232-3.61052-9"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A Guthrie, T Strike, S Patterson, et al.  \"Zoo Biol.\"  40, \"The past, present and future of hormonal contraception use in managed captive tiger populations with a focus on the current use of deslorelin acetate.\" 306 (2021)","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21601"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A Junaidi, PE Williamson, GB Martin, et al.  \"Reprod Domest Anim.\"  44, \"Dose-response studies for pituitary and testicular function in male dogs treated with the GnRH superagonist, deslorelin.\" 725 (2009)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2008.01060.x"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CP Kozlowski, HL Clawitter, T Their, et al.  \"Zoo Biol.\"  37, \"Characterization of estrous cycles and pregnancy in Somali wild asses (Equus africanus somaliensis) through fecal hormone analyses.\" 35 (2018)","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21397"},{"key":"14","unstructured":"M McDonald  and C Asa  \"Saint Louis Zoo.\"  \"Suprelorin\u00ae.\" (2023)"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A Moresco, L Dadone, J Arble, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  45, \"Location and removal of deslorelin acetate implants in female African lions (Panthera leo).\" 397 (2014)","DOI":"10.1638\/2013-0109R1.1"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"OA Petritz, DSM Guzman, J Paul-Murphy, et al.  \"Am J Vet Res.\"  74, \"Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of single administration of 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implants on egg production and plasma sex hormones in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica).\" 316 (2013)","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.2.316"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"D Powell  and C Asa  \"Saint Louis Zoo.\"  \"The AZA Reproductive Management Center at twenty.\" (2022)"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GA Stamatiades  and UB Kaiser  \"Mol Cell Endocrinol.\"  463, \"Gonadotropin regulation by pulsatile GnRH: signaling and gene expression.\" 131 (2018)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.10.015"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"NM Summa, DSM Guzman, EL Wils-Plotz, et al.  \"Am J Vet Res.\"  78, \"Evaluation of the effects of a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant on egg laying in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus).\" 745 (2017)","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.78.6.745"},{"key":"22","unstructured":"\"Analytical method development and validation.\"  (1997)"},{"key":"23","unstructured":"T Trigg, P Wright, AF Armour, et al.  \"J Reprod Fertil Suppl.\"  57, \"Use of a GnRH analogue implant to produce reversible long-term suppression of reproductive function in male and female domestic dogs.\" 255 (2001)"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"JA Raines  and JJ Fried  \"Zoo Biol.\"  35, \"Use of deslorelin acetate implants to control aggression in a multi-male group of rock hyrax (Procavia capensis).\" 201 (2016)","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21290"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"VB Cowl, SL Walker, YF Rambaud,  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  49, \"Assessing the efficacy of deslorelin acetate implants (Suprelorin) in alternative placement sites.\" 1 (2018)","DOI":"10.1638\/2017-0153R.1"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ML Patton, MJ Bashaw, SM del Castillo, et al.  \"Theriogenology.\"  66, \"Long-term suppression of fertility in female giraffe using the GnRH agonist deslorelin as a long-acting implant.\" 431 (2006)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.10.025"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:14:36Z","timestamp":1791238476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-56\/issue-3\/2024-0023\/DEVELOPMENT-AND-VALIDATION-OF-DESLORELIN-ACETATE-ASSAY-AND-A-PILOT\/10.1638\/2024-0023.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2024-0023","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}}}