{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:53:45Z","timestamp":1791244425547,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Optimal blood storage conditions, crossmatching protocol standardization, heterologous transfusion compatibility, and adverse reactions have not been well described in reptile transfusion medicine. This study investigated the effects of blood storage, incubation time, and temperature on crossmatching conducted between clinically normal loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) [Cc] and green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) [Cm]. Heparinized venous blood was collected from 17 turtles (n = 12 Cc; n = 5 Cm). Twenty-four homologous (Cc-Cc) donor-recipient pairings and eight heterologous (Cc-Cm) donor-recipient pairings were conducted. Protocols compared different blood storage times of &lt;36 and 120h, incubation times of 30 and 60 min, and incubation at ambient (22.2\u00b0C) and refrigerated (7.78\u00b0C) temperatures. Major and minor crossmatching hemolysis, macroscopic agglutination, and microscopic erythrocyte agglutination were recorded. No significant differences were found between any protocol tested. Based on major and minor crossmatches, 76.2% (32\/42) of homologous crossmatches were compatible and 43.8% (7\/16) of heterologous crossmatches were compatible. Two Cc and one Cm that previously received whole blood transfusions did not have different crossmatching outcomes as compared to naive animals (p = 0.4844). This study found a higher crossmatching compatibility between homologous Cc crossmatches than for previously reported homologous Cm crossmatches. Crossmatching using the protocol of 30 min incubation at ambient temperature with blood stored for &lt;36h appeared as an effective method for improving the safety of transfusion medicine in Cc patients. Heterologous compatibility of Cc to Cm is limited, and avoidance of cross-species transfusions is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2024-0032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T04:31:57Z","timestamp":1749097917000},"page":"392-401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["OPTIMIZATION OF A CROSSMATCHING PROTOCOL IN LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLES (CARETTA CARETTA) AND INVESTIGATION OF HETEROLOGOUS TRANSFUSION COMPATIBILITY WITH GREEN SEA TURTLES (CHELONIA MYDAS)"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Lauren A.E.","family":"Shusterman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole I.","family":"Stacy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry M.","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bette","family":"Zirkelbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Cashin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Barron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"DiRocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor T.","family":"Zachariah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle A.","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LAB Aguilar, SJ Divers, JR Comolli, et al.  \"J Herpetol Med Surg.\"  1, \"Successful management of hemocoelom and marked anemia in a central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) following multiple blood transfusions and surgery.\" 111 (2021)","DOI":"10.5818\/JHMS-01-2020"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PD Altland  and KC Brace  \"Am J Physiol-Leg Cont.\"  203, \"Red cell life span in the turtle and toad.\" 1188 (1962)","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1962.203.6.1188"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"JD Bonagura  and DC Twedt  \"Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy XIV - E-Book.\"  \"Shock.\" 1437 (2008)"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AT Bowling  and RS Clark  \"Anim Genet.\"  16, \"Blood group and protein polymorphism gene frequencies for seven breeds of horses in the United States.\" 93 (1985)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.1985.tb01458.x"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. 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Wardrop,  \"Schalm's Veterinary Hematology.\"  \"Clinical blood typing and cross-matching.\" 1101 (2011)"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MJ Wilkerson, E Davis, W Shuman, et al.  \"J Vet Intern Med.\"  14, \"Isotype-specific antibodies in horses and dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia.\" 190 (2000)","DOI":"10.1892\/0891-6640(2000)014<0190:IAIHAD>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Cital  and A Goodnight  \"Manual of Veterinary Transfusion Medicine and Blood Banking.\"  \"Reptile and amphibian transfusion medicine.\" 358 (2016)","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118933053.ch26"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"LA Degernes, ML Crosier, LD Harrison, et al.  \"J Avian Med Surg.\"  13, \"Autologous, homologous, and heterologous red blood cell transfusions in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus).\" 2 (1999)"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Flint, JC Patterson-Kane, CJ Limpus, et al.  \"J Vet Diagn Invest.\"  21, \"Postmortem diagnostic investigation of disease in free-ranging marine turtle populations: a review of common pathologic findings and protocols.\" 733 (2009)","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870902100601"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CA Hadfield, AN Haines, LA Clayton, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  41, \"Cross matching of blood in carcharhiniform, lamniform, and orectolobiform sharks.\" 480 (2010)","DOI":"10.1638\/2009-0236.1"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RJ Kessler, J Reese, D Chang, et al.  \"Vet Clin Pathol.\"  39, \"Dog erythrocyte antigens 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 7, and Dal blood typing and cross-matching by gel column technique.\" 306 (2010)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2010.00249.x"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Seth, KV Jackson, U Giger,  \"Am J Vet Res.\"  72, \"Comparison of five blood-typing methods for the feline AB blood group system.\" 203 (2011)","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.2.203"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E Eisenhawer, CH Courtney, RE Raskin, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  39, \"Relationship between separation time of plasma from heparinized whole blood on plasma biochemical analytes of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta).\" 208 (2008)","DOI":"10.1638\/2007-0166R.1"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NI Stacy, JM Lynch, MD Arendt, et al.  \"PLoS One.\"  13, \"Chronic debilitation in stranded loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the southeastern United States: Morphometrics and clinicopathological findings.\" e0200355 (2018)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200355"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MM Louis, AJ Cerreta, JA Griffioen, et al.  \"J Exot Pet Med.\"  35, \"Homologous whole blood transfusion for treatment of severe anemia in five eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina).\" 27 (2020)","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2020.05.013"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BE Phillips, MK Stoskopf, JF Beasley, et al.  \"J Herpetol Med Surg.\"  27, \"Evaluation of three anticoagulants used for short-term storage of loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) whole blood.\" 97 (2017)","DOI":"10.5818\/17-06-117.1"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ME McClosky, D Cimino Brown, NM Weinstein, et al.  \"J Vet Intern Med.\"  32, \"Prevalence of naturally occurring non-AB blood type incompatibilities in cats and influence of crossmatch on transfusion outcomes.\" 1934 (2018)","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15334"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Zaremba, A Brooks, E Thomovsky,  \"Top Companion Anim Med.\"  34, \"Transfusion medicine: an update on antigens, antibodies and serologic testing in dogs and cats.\" 36 (2019)","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2018.12.005"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"KA Donnelly, TM Norton, B Zirkelbach, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  50, \"Advancing transfusion medicine in sea turtles: Optimization of a cross-matching protocol.\" 315 (2019)","DOI":"10.1638\/2018-0062"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:13:12Z","timestamp":1791241992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-56\/issue-2\/2024-0032\/OPTIMIZATION-OF-A-CROSSMATCHING-PROTOCOL-IN-LOGGERHEAD-SEA-TURTLES-CARETTA\/10.1638\/2024-0032.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2024-0032","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]}}}