{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:56:28Z","timestamp":1791244588825,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The opossum has been recognized as an intermediate host for many parasites including Besnoitia spp., which is a protozoan that infects various mammals, including many wildlife species. A limited number of reports using serology, histopathology, and molecular assays have documented the presence of B. darlingi in opossums. In the present study, samples from three opossum species, including the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana, n = 33) from urban\/suburban areas of Florida, USA admitted to rehabilitation centers, and free ranging white-eared and black-eared opossum from two urban areas of Brazil (D. albiventris, n = 33; D. aurita, n = 34, respectively), were examined for antibody reactivity to Besnoitia spp. using indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) and Western blot (WB) assays adapted for the detection of opossum antibodies. While 3\/33 (9.1%) samples from Virginia opossum showed positive reactivity by both methods, none of the samples from the opossum from Brazil showed such reactivity. The three Besnoitia-seropositive samples were obtained from Virginia opossums clinically suspected to have besnoitiosis based on the appearance of diffuse skin lesions. These data support the further evaluation of serological testing in future studies of besnoitiosis in the opossum as well as a hypothesis of limited infection in the opossum of South Florida, USA, and southern and southeastern Brazil. Overall, the preliminary data has management implications for rehabilitation centers that commonly treat this species and research implications in the application of these assays in wildlife species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2024-0075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T04:25:56Z","timestamp":1741580756000},"page":"70-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ANTIBODIES TO BESNOITIA SPP. IN THREE SPECIES OF FREERANGING OPOSSUM (DIDELPHIS SPP.) IN FLORIDA, USA, AND BRAZIL"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Fabiano","family":"Montiani-Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gema Alvarez","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Matas","family":"Aguado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Barron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giane Helenita","family":"Pontarolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Th\u00e1llitha Samih","family":"Wischral Jayme Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael Felipe da","family":"Costa Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s Mauricio","family":"Ortega Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artur Kanadani","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro Abreu","family":"da Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Cray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G \u00c1lvarez-Garc\u00eda, A Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda, D Guti\u00e9rrez-Exp\u00f3sito, et al.  \"Vet J.\"  200, \"Seroprevalence of Besnoitia besnoiti infection and associated risk factors in cattle from an endemic region in Europe.\" 328 (2014)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.02.013"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Alvarez-Garcia, CF Frey, LM Mora, et al.  \"Trends Parasitol.\"  29, \"A century of bovine besnoitiosis: an unknown disease re-emerging in Europe.\" 407 (2013)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.06.002"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JP Arrabal, G Mor\u00e9, MM Orozco, et al.  \"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl.\"  25, \"A putative new Besnoitia species in the southern black-eared opossum Didelphis aurita.\" 100998 (2024)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2024.100998"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"IA Conti-Diaz, C Turner, D Tweeddale, et al.  \"J Parasitol.\"  56, \"Besnoitiasis in the opossum (Didelphis marsupialis).\" 457 (1970)","DOI":"10.2307\/3277603"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Diezma-D\u00edaz, I Ferre, M Re, et al.  \"Transbound Emerg Dis.\"  67, \"A model for chronic bovine besnoitiosis: Parasite stage and inoculation route are key factors.\" 234 (2020)","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13345"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SL Donahoe, SA Lindsay, M Krockenberger, et al.  \"Int J Parasitol Para Wildl.\"  4, \"A review of neosporosis and pathologic findings of Neospora caninum infection in wildlife.\" 216 (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2015.04.002"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JP Dubey, DS Lindsay, BM Rosenthal, et al.  \"Int J Parasitol.\"  32, \"Establishment of Besnoitia darlingi from opossums (Didelphis virginiana) in experimental intermediate and definitive hosts, propagation in cell culture, and description of ultrastructural and genetic characteristics.\" 1053 (2002)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00060-7"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JP Dubey, C Sreekumar, BM Rosenthal, et al.  \"Int J Parasitol.\"  34, \"Redescription of Besnoitia tarandi (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) from the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus).\" 1273 (2004)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.07.002"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JP Dubey  and MJ Yabsley  \"Parasitol.\"  137, \"Besnoitia neotomofelis n. sp. 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Gardner,  \"Medical management of wildlife species: a guide for practitioners.\"  \"Natural history and medical management of opossums.\" 297 (2019)","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119036708.ch23"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Guti\u00e9rrez-Exp\u00f3sito, I Ferre, LM Ortega-Mora, et al.  \"Int J Parasitol.\"  47, \"Advances in the diagnosis of bovine besnoitiosis: current options and applications for control.\" 737 (2017)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2017.08.003"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Gutierrez-Exposito, LM Ortega-Mora, AA Gajadhar, et al.  \"Vet Parasitol.\"  190, \"Serological evidence of Besnoitia spp. infection in Canadian wild ruminants and strong cross-reaction between Besnoitia besnoiti and Besnoitia tarandi.\" 19 (2012)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.06.017"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Guti\u00e9rrez-Exp\u00f3sito, LM Ortega-Mora, I Marco, et al.  \"Vet Parasitol.\"  197, \"First serosurvey 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(1961)","DOI":"10.2307\/3275058"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AJ Trees, F Guy, BJ Tennant, et al.  \"Vet Rec.\"  132, \"Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in a population of urban dogs in England.\" 125 (1993)","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.132.6.125"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SK Verma, CK Cerqueira-Cezar, FHA Murata, et al.  \"Vet Parasitol.\"  248, \"Bobcats (Lynx rufus) are natural definitive host of Besnoitia darlingi.\" 84 (2017)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.10.013"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LC Zitelli, A Webster, AP Morel, et al.  \"Vet Parasitol: Reg Stud Rep.\"  24, \"Serological investigation of protozoan pathogens (Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum) in opossums from southern Brazil.\" 100546 (2021)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100546"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MA Bezerra-Santos, RAN Ramos, AK Campos, et al.  \"Parasitol Res.\"  120, \"Didelphis spp. opossums and their parasites in the Americas: A one health perspective.\" 4091 (2021)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07072-4"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SC Barr, CC Brown, VA Dennis, et al.  \"J Parasitol.\"  77, \"The lesions and prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in opossums and armadillos from southern Louisiana.\" 624 (1991)","DOI":"10.2307\/3283170"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:29:32Z","timestamp":1791242972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-56\/issue-1\/2024-0075\/ANTIBODIES-TO-BESNOITIA-SPP-IN-THREE-SPECIES-OF-FREERANGING-OPOSSUM\/10.1638\/2024-0075.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2024-0075","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]}}}