{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:40:46Z","timestamp":1792608046439,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous retrospective studies on common morbidities and mortalities of jaguars (Panthera onca) provided information that led to changes in preventive medicine protocols and proactive medical care.8,11 However, new disease trends and medical conditions may emerge, change over time, or change location. Medical records from 139 jaguars housed in 35 North American zoological facilities between 2003 and 2023 were reviewed. Common morbidities and mortalities in different age groups were identified. Most morbidities involved the integumentary system (n = 173) in this study population, followed by the digestive (n = 163) and musculoskeletal systems (n = 86). Other notable morbidity findings included presumed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in four jaguars but with normal pancreas on histopathology, and all degenerative joint diseases (n = 8, 14.5%) and urinary (n = 17, 30.9%), and ocular conditions (n = 10; 7.2%) were found in geriatric jaguars. Renal disease (n = 22) and neoplasia (n = 21) were the leading causes of mortality in this study population. Compared to previous studies, there appeared to be more cases of self-trauma involving the skin (n = 90; 32.3%) in this study population (P = &lt;0.0001), particularly in adult jaguars, but significantly fewer cases of hepatic conditions (n = 4, P = 0.0096). Neoplasia was an important cause of death with ovarian cystadenocarcinoma being more prevalent than mammary adenocarcinoma in this study. As morbidity and mortality trends change, medical and husbandry protocols may need to adjust to manage and decrease the prevalence of medical conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2024-0087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T08:58:51Z","timestamp":1759309131000},"page":"539-547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF MORBIDITIES AND MORTALITIES OF JAGUARS MANAGED (PANTHERA ONCA) IN NORTH AMERICAN ZOOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS, 2003\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Tamara N.","family":"Kruse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Corner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Clauss  and DWH M\u00fcller  \"Zoo Biol.\"  43, \"Putting zoo animal cancer into perspective.\" 15 (2024)","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21802"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PL. 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Sleeper,  \"Wild Cats of the World.\"  (1995)"},{"key":"31","unstructured":"JM. Steiner,  \"Clinical Veterinary Advisor.\"  3, \"Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.\" 338 (2015)"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KA Terio, D McAloose, (n\u00e9e Lane) E Mitchell,  \"Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals.\"  \"Felidae.\" 263 (2018)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-805306-5.00010-9"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Thorel, C Pignon, P Arne, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  51, \"Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) morbidity and mortality in captive-bred population: a comprehensive retrospective study of medical data from 271 individuals in European, Asian, and Australian zoos.\" 150 (2020)","DOI":"10.1638\/2019-0048"},{"key":"34","unstructured":"ME Viscarra, G Ayala, R Wallace, et al.  \"Cat News.\"  54, \"The use of commercial perfumes for studying jaguars.\" 30 (2011)"},{"key":"35","unstructured":"M Vi\u00f1as, N D'Anna, A Guandalini, et al.  \"Can Vet J.\"  60, \"Bilateral phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in a young African lion (Panthera leo).\" 186 (2019)"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Mathieu  and MM Garner  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  52, \"A retrospective study of neoplasia in nondomestic felids in human care, with a comparative literature review.\" 413 (2021)","DOI":"10.1638\/2020-0077"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"SM Mota, J Brand\u00e3o, A Guthrie,  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  52, \"Comparison of blood symmetric dimethylarginine and creatinine as endogenous markers of kidney function in captive tigers (Panthera tigris).\" 628 (2021)","DOI":"10.1638\/2020-0032"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L Waugh, S Lyon, GA Cole, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  49, \"Retrospective analysis and validation of serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus).\" 623 (2018)","DOI":"10.1638\/2017-0056.1"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Kolmstetter, L Munson, EC Ramsay,  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  31, \"Degenerative spinal disease in large felids.\" 15 (2000)","DOI":"10.1638\/1042-7260(2000)031[0015:DSDILF]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"BJ Andrews, AC Cushing, RE Murphy, et al.  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  260, \"Blood concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine correlates with kidney damage as assessed with a proposed histologic grading system for chronic kidney disease in tigers (Panthera tigris).\" 1 (2022)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.21.04.0216"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"AC Cushing, R Murphy, D Szlosek, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  53, \"Method comparison for measurement of symmetric dimethylarginine in tigers (Panthera tigris).\" 200 (2022)","DOI":"10.1638\/2021-0067"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:15:56Z","timestamp":1791238556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-56\/issue-3\/2024-0087\/RETROSPECTIVE-REVIEW-OF-MORBIDITIES-AND-MORTALITIES-OF-JAGUARS-MANAGED-PANTHERA\/10.1638\/2024-0087.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2024-0087","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}}}