{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:53:42Z","timestamp":1791240822652,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The flattened musk turtle (Sternotherus depressus) is a stream-dwelling species that inhabits a small range in the Upper Black Warrior River water basin system in AL and is classified as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The stripe-necked musk turtle (Sternotherus peltifer) has a broader range, surrounding and slightly overlapping that of the flattened musk turtle in the southeast United States, and is classified as least concern. Ongoing conservation efforts for flattened musk turtles have, thus far, been limited to population surveys; however, the conservation action plan for the species calls for health and infectious disease surveys. Flattened musk turtles (n = 35) and stripe-neck musk turtles (n = 4) in the Black Warrior River water basin system and the Coosa River water basin in AL were tested for frog virus 3 virus, Mycoplasmopsis spp., herpesviruses, and adenoviruses by using oral and cloacal swabs. All samples were negative for all pathogens, suggesting this is a na\u00efve population, sampling occurred when individuals were not shedding nucleic acids, or the concentration of DNA was below the level of detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2024-0113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T09:01:38Z","timestamp":1759309298000},"page":"671-674","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["PATHOGEN SURVEILLANCE IN MUSK TURTLES (STERNOTHERUS SP.) IN ALABAMA"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"McCain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Joseph","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seamus","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grover J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Adamovicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Allender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"RJ Ossiboff, BL Raphael, AD Ammazzalorso, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  51, \"A Mycoplasma species of Emydidae turtles in the Northeastern USA.\" 466 (2015)","DOI":"10.7589\/2014-04-086"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MC Allender, D Bunick, MA Mitchell,  \"J Virol Methods.\"  188, \"Development and validation of TaqMan quantitative PCR for detection of frog virus 3-like virus in eastern box turtles Terrapene carolina carolina.\" 121 (2013)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2012.12.012"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"KA Bailey  and C Guyer  \"Chelonian Conserv Biol.\"  3, \"Demography and population status of the flattened musk turtle, Sternotherus depressus, in the Black Warrior River Basin of Alabama.\" 77 (1998)"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CK. Dodd,  \"Am Midl Nat.\"  119, \"Disease and population declines in the flattened musk turtle Sternotherus depressus.\" 394 (1988)","DOI":"10.2307\/2425822"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CK. Dodd,  \"Biol Conserv.\"  54, \"Effects of habitat fragmentation on a stream-dwelling species, the flattened musk turtle Sternotherus depressus.\" 33 (1990)","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3207(90)90040-V"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CJ Fonnesbeck  and CK Dodd  \"J Herpetol.\"  37, \"Estimation of flattened musk turtle (Sternotherus depressus) survival, recapture, and recovery rate during and after a disease outbreak.\" 602 (2003)","DOI":"10.1670\/37-02N"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JM Goessling, C Guyer, JC Godwin, et al.  \"PLoS One.\"  14, \"Upper respiratory tract disease and associated diagnostic tests of mycoplasmosis in Alabama populations of Gopher tortoises, Gophers polyphemus.\" e0214845 (2019)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214845"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RM Goodman, HR Carman, RP Mahaffy, et al.  \"Animals.\"  13, \"Trace amounts of ranavirus detected in common musk turtles (Sternotherus odoratus) at a site where the pathogen was previously common.\" 2951 (2023)","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13182951"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Guyer, MA Bailey, RH Mount,  \"Turtles of Alabama.\"  (2015)","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.30346870"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JB. Iverson,  \"Herpetol Rev.\"  10, \"Another inexpensive turtle trap.\" 55 (1979)","DOI":"10.2307\/1443406"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JL McGuire, LL Smith, C Guyer, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  50, \"Surveillance for upper respiratory tract disease and Mycoplasma in free-ranging gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) in Georgia, USA.\" 733 (2014)","DOI":"10.7589\/2013-11-300"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Perpinan, U Blas-Machado, S Sanchez, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  52, \"Concurrent phaeohyphomycosis and Ranavirus infection in an eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina) in Athens, Georgia, USA.\" 742 (2016)","DOI":"10.7589\/2014-08-195"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PA Scott  and LJ Rissler  \"Biol Conserv.\"  192, \"Integrating dynamic occupancy modeling and genetics to infer the status of the imperiled flattened musk turtle.\" 294 (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2015.10.004"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"PP. van Dijk,  \"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.\"  \"Sternotherus depressus\" (2011)","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T20824A9231032.en"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"PP. van Dijk,  \"Sternotherus minor. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.\"  (2011)","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T170493A6781671.en"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"DR VanDevanter, P Warrener, L Bennett, et al.  \"J Clin Microbiol.\"  34, \"Detection and analysis of diverse herpesviral species by consensus primer PCR.\" 1666 (1996)","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.7.1666-1671.1996"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JFX Wellehan, AJ Johnson, B Harrach, et al.  \"J Virol.\"  78, \"Detection and analysis of six lizard adenoviruses by consensus primer PCR provides further evidence of a reptilian origin for the atadenoviruses.\" 13366 (2004)","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.23.13366-13369.2004"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"LP Kane, MC Allender, G Archer, et al.  \"J Wildl Dis.\"  53, \"Prevalence of Terrapene herpesvirus 1 in free-ranging eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) in Tennessee and Illinois, USA.\" 285 (2017)","DOI":"10.7589\/2016-06-138"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GA Archer, CA Phillips, L Adamovicz, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  48, \"Detection of copathogens in free-ranging eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) in Illinois and Tennessee.\" 1127 (2017)","DOI":"10.1638\/2017-0148R.1"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DM Lindemann, MC Allender, D Thompson, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  50, \"Epidemiology of Emydoidea herpesvirus 1 in free-ranging Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) from Illinois.\" 547 (2019)","DOI":"10.1638\/2018-0074"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:16:23Z","timestamp":1791238583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-56\/issue-3\/2024-0113\/PATHOGEN-SURVEILLANCE-IN-MUSK-TURTLES-STERNOTHERUS-SP-IN-ALABAMA\/10.1638\/2024-0113.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2024-0113","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}}}