{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:59:36Z","timestamp":1791237576504,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Meloxicam is a commonly used analgesic for reptiles. There are few published studies regarding the efficacy of meloxicam and dosing is typically extrapolated from mammals. We evaluated the analgesic efficacy of two meloxicam doses in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta). We hypothesized that subcutaneously administered 1 mg\/kg meloxicam would significantly increase thermal hindlimb withdrawal latency for a greater time period than 0.4 mg\/kg meloxicam. Twenty red-eared sliders were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) 0.9% saline (NaCl) (0.5 ml\/kg), 2) 0.4 mg\/kg meloxicam (Melox-0.4), and 3) 1 mg\/kg meloxicam (Melox-1). Meloxicam or 0.9% NaCl was administered as a single SC injection in the right forelimb. Using the Hargreaves assay, a noxious radiant heat stimulus was applied to the plantar surface of both hindlimbs and withdrawal response to heat (heat latency) was measured at -0.25, 0.5, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hrs after treatment administration. Compared to the 0.9% NaCl group, Melox-0.4 significantly increased heat latency at 2 hrs while Melox-1 significantly increased heat latency at 0.5, 2, 4, and 8 hrs. The results of this study indicate that 1 mg\/kg meloxicam SC significantly increased heat latency up to 8 hrs in red-eared sliders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2024-0121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T07:32:21Z","timestamp":1767511941000},"page":"64-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ANALGESIC EFFICACY OF SUBCUTANEOUS MELOXICAM IN RED-EARED SLIDER TURTLES (TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA)"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Kenzie","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Huss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Sladky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 G","family":"Vilches-Moure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryann","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katechan","family":"Jampachaisri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Felt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cholawat","family":"Pacharinsak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"PV Turner, DS Pang, JL Lofgren,  \"Comp Med.\"  69, \"A review of pain assessment methods in laboratory rodents.\" 451 (2019)","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-CM-19-000042"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ED Alamaw, KM Casey, K Tien, et al.  \"Comp Med.\"  74, \"Carprofen attenuates postoperative mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity after plantar incision in immunodeficient NSG mice.\" 105 (2024)","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-CM-23-000058"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M Bianchi  and AE Panerai  \"Pharmacol Res.\"  45, \"Effects of lornoxicam, piroxicam, and meloxicam in a model of thermal hind-paw hyperalgesia induced by formalin injection in rat tail.\" 101 (2002 Feb)","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.2001.0921"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"PR Buch, I Desai, S Balakrishnan,  \"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat.\"  135, \"COX-2 activity and expression pattern during regenerative wound healing of tail in lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis.\" 11 (2018)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2018.01.002"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"PR Buch, P Sarkate, GK Uggini, et al.  \"Tissue Eng Regen Med.\"  14, \"Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 alters Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in the regenerating tail of lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis.\" 171 (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-017-0037-2"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"AJ Cerreta, CA Masterson, GA Lewbart, et al.  \"J Vet Pharmacol Ther.\"  42, \"Pharmacokinetics of ketorolac in wild Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) after single intramuscular administration.\" 154 (2019)","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12733"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"RM Craft, KA Hewitt, SC Britch,  \"Behav Pharmacol.\"  32, \"Antinociception produced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in female vs male rats.\" 153 (2021)","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000584"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"AF Domenichiello, BC Wilhite, GS Keyes, et al.  \"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids.\"  126, \"A dose response study of the effect of prostaglandin E2 on thermal nociceptive sensitivity.\" 20 (2017)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.08.015"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CB Greenacre, G Takle, JP Schumacher, et al.  \"J Herpetol Med Surg.\"  16, \"Comparative antinociception of morphine, butorphanol, and buprenorphine versus saline in the Green Iguana, Iguana iguana, using electrostimulation.\" 88 (2006)","DOI":"10.5818\/1529-9651.16.3.88"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"NS Gregory, AL Harris, CR Robinson, et al.  \"J Pain.\"  14, \"An overview of animal models of pain: disease models and outcome measures.\" 1255 (2013)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.06.008"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CJ. 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Sladky,  \"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract.\"  26, \"Treatment of pain in reptiles.\" 43 (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2022.07.004"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Sladky, V Miletic, J Paul-Murphy, et al.  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  230, \"Analgesic efficacy and respiratory effects of butorphanol and morphine in turtles.\" 1356 (2007)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.9.1356"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"AKY Ting, VSY Tay, HT Chng, et al.  \"Vet Anim Sci.\"  \"A critical review on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid drugs used in reptiles.\" (2022)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2022.100267"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Ziegler, C Fogle, A Blikslager,  \"JAVMA.\"  250, \"Update on the use of cyclooxygenase-2-selective nonsteroidal antiinflammayory drugs in horses.\" 1271 (2017)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.250.11.1271"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Mans, LL Lahner, BB Baker, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  43, \"Antinociceptive efficacy of buprenorphine and hydromorphone in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans).\" 662 (2012)","DOI":"10.1638\/2011-0260R.1"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"RA Sadler, JP Schumacher, K Rathore, et al.  \"Am J Vet Res.\"  77, \"Evaluation of the role of the cyclooxygenase signaling pathway during inflammation in skin and muscle tissues of ball pythons (Python regius).\" 487 (2016)","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.77.5.487"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Uney, F Altan, M Aboubakr, et al.  \"Am J Vet Res.\"  77, \"Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) after single intravenous and intramuscular injections.\" 439 (2016)","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.77.5.439"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TI Kanui  and K Hole  \"J Vet Pharmacol Ther.\"  15, \"Morphine and pethidine antinociception in the crocodile.\" 101 (1992)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1992.tb00993.x"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"BB Baker, KK Sladky, SM Johnson,  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  238, \"Evaluation of the analgesic effects of oral and subcutaneous tramadol administration in red-eared slider turtles.\" 220 (2011)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.2.220"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"LW Royal, BD Lascelles, GA Lewbart, et al.  \"J Zoo Wildl Med.\"  43, \"Evaluation of cyclooxygenase protein expression in traumatized versus normal tissues from eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina).\" 289 (2012)","DOI":"10.1638\/2011-0154.1"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KK Sladky, ME Kinney, SM Johnson,  \"Am J Vet Res.\"  70, \"Effects of opioid receptor activation on thermal antinociception in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta).\" 1072 (2009)","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.9.1072"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:28:52Z","timestamp":1791235732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-57\/issue-1\/2024-0121\/ANALGESIC-EFFICACY-OF-SUBCUTANEOUS-MELOXICAM-IN-RED-EARED-SLIDER-TURTLES\/10.1638\/2024-0121.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2024-0121","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]}}}