{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:57:22Z","timestamp":1791237442106,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Survey radiographs imaged for routine health management of captive European wildcats (Felis silvestris), bred for conservation translocation, were assessed to determine normal qualitative and quantitative radiographic parameters for this species (n = 37, 16 adults and 21 subadults). Normal wildcat parameters determined included vertebral heart score (VHS; 7.5\u20139.1), small intestine diameter (10.09\u201315.65 mm), small intestine diameter to second lumbar vertebral end plate ratio (1.64), small intestine diameter to fifth lumbar vertebral end plate ratio (2.82), large intestine diameter to fifth lumbar vertebra ratio (0.88), right kidney to second lumbar vertebra (L2; 2.09\u20132.81), and left kidney to L2 (2.07\u20132.75). Wildcat radiographic anatomy is similar to the domestic cat (Felis catus) in many respects. However, differing features included VHS, small intestinal diameter, and the presence of an os penis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2025-0038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T17:37:44Z","timestamp":1771263464000},"page":"186-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["THORACIC AND ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE EUROPEAN WILDCAT (FELIS SILVESTRIS)"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0803-0078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Bacon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estelle","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Amos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Byford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Girling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WM Adams, LA Sisterman, JM Klauer, et al.  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  236, \"Association of intestinal disorders in cats with findings of abdominal radiography.\" 880 (2010)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.236.8.880"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Bacon, B S G Alves, S Girling, et al.  \"Mamm Rev.\"  55, \"Practical application of disease risk assessment in native species reintroductions: a case study of a European Wildcat (Felis silvestris) population reinforcement in the Cairngorms National Park.\" e70004 (2025)","DOI":"10.1111\/mam.70004"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EA Baines, J Grandage, ME Herrtage, et al.  \"Vet Radiol Ultrasound.\"  50, \"Radiographic definition of the anticlinal vertebra in the dog.\" 69 (2009)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2008.01492.x"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V Bavegems, A Van Caelenberg, L Duchateau, et al.  \"Vet Radiol Ultrasound.\"  46, \"Vertebral heart size ranges specific for whippets.\" 400 (2005)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00073.x"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GV Berteselli, B Regaiolli, S Normando, et al.  \"J Vet Behav.\"  22, \"European wildcat and domestic cat: do they really differ?\" 35 (2017)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2017.09.006"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"U Breitenmoser, T Lanz, C Breitenmoser-W\u00fcrsten,  \"Conservation of the wildcat (Felis silvestris) in Scotland: review of the conservation status and assessment of conservation activities.\"  (2019)"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DD French, LK Corbett, N Easterbee,  \"J Zool.\"  214, \"Morphological discriminant functions of Scottish wildcats (Felis silvestris), domestic cats (F. catus) and their hybrids.\" 235 (1988)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1988.tb04719.x"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D Gunn-Moore, C Bessant, R Malik,  \"J Small Anim Pract.\"  49, \"Breed-related disorders of cats.\" 167 (2008)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2008.00572.x"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"K Kilshaw, RD Campbell, K Kortland, et al.  \"NatureScot.\"  \"Scottish Wildcat Action final report: ecology.\" (2023)"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RM. Kirberger,  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  249, \"Early diagnostic imaging findings in juvenile dogs with presumed diskospondylitis: 10 cases (2008\u20132014).\" 539 (2016)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.249.5.539"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Kitchener, N Yamaguchi, J Ward, et al.  \"Anim Conserv.\"  8, \"A diagnosis for the Scottish wildcat (Felis silvestris): a tool for conservation action for a critically-endangered felid.\" 223 (2005)","DOI":"10.1017\/S1367943005002301"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A L Litster  and J W Buchanan  \"J Am Vet Med Assoc.\"  216, \"Vertebral scale system to measure heart size in radiographs of cats.\" 210 (2000)","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.210"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CL Marino, BD Lascelles, SL Vaden, et al.  \"J Feline Med Surg.\"  16, \"Prevalence and classification of chronic kidney disease in cats randomly selected from four age groups and in cats recruited for degenerative joint disease studies.\" 465 (2014)","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13511446"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Maser  and DE Toweill  \"J Mammal.\"  65, \"Bacula of mountain lion, Felis concolor, and bobcat, F. rufus.\" 496 (1984)","DOI":"10.2307\/1381101"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C O'Halloran, P Cerna, R Barnicoat, et al.  \"J Feline Med Surg.\"  26, \"How and why pet cats are fed the way they are: a self-reported owner survey.\" 1098612X231209894 (2024)","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X231209894"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V Piola, B Posch, P Aghte, et al.  \"Vet Radiol Ultrasound.\"  52, \"Radiographic characterization of the os penis in the cat.\" 270 (2010)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01772.x"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SG. Seiler,  \"Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology.\"  \"Kidneys and ureters.\" 823 (2018)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-48247-9.00053-X"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HV Senn, M Ghazali, J Kaden, et al.  \"Evol Appl.\"  12, \"Distinguishing the victim from the threat: SNP-based methods reveal the extent of introgressive hybridization between wildcats and domestic cats in Scotland and inform future in situ and ex situ management options for species restoration.\" 399 (2019)","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12720"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Shave, G Howatson, D Dickson, et al.  \"Vet Sci.\"  4, \"Exercise-induced cardiac remodeling: lessons from humans, horses, and dogs.\" 9 (2017)","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci4010009"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JT Shiroma, JK Gabriel, RL Carter, et al.  \"Vet Radiol Ultrasound.\"  40, \"Effect of reproductive status on feline renal size.\" 242 (1999)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1999.tb00355.x"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AP Silva, K Kilshaw, PJ Johnson, et al.  \"Divers Distrib.\"  19, \"Wildcat occurrence in Scotland: food really matters.\" 232 (2013)","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.12018"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MK Stoskopf, J Brown, R DeVoe,  \"J Radiol Nurs.\"  31, \"Imaging in zoological medicine practice.\" 81 (2012)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jradnu.2011.10.006"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T Trevail, D Gunn-Moore, I Carrera, et al.  \"Vet Radiol Ultrasound.\"  52, \"Radiographic diameter of the colon in normal and constipated cat and in cat with megacolon.\" 516 (2011)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01830.x"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A Ghadiri, R Avizeh, A Rasekh, et al.  \"J Feline Med Surg.\"  10, \"Radiographic measurement of vertebral heart size in healthy stray cats.\" 61 (2008)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2007.06.015"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Guglielmini, M Baron Toaldo, H Poser, et al.  \"J Feline Med Surg.\"  16, \"Diagnostic accuracy of the vertebral heart score and other radiographic indices in the detection of cardiac enlargement in cats with different cardiac disorders.\" 812 (2014)","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X14522048"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:19:28Z","timestamp":1791235168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-57\/issue-1\/2025-0038\/THORACIC-AND-ABDOMINAL-RADIOGRAPHIC-ANATOMY-OF-THE-EUROPEAN-WILDCAT-FELIS\/10.1638\/2025-0038.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2025-0038","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]}}}