{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:57:42Z","timestamp":1791237462007,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of sterilization methods for population management is often necessary in animal facilities, such as zoological settings or nature centers. A surgical vasectomy is one method of sterilization but requires knowledge of the reproductive anatomy of a species to perform. Over a six-year period, six young adult male beavers had surgical vasectomy procedures performed. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia after induction with dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and midazolam. The first three vasectomy procedures were performed via an intra-abdominal technique, while the remaining three procedures were performed via a novel extra-abdominal technique. All procedures were successful, and all beavers recovered uneventfully. Necropsy and surgical dissection techniques were used to better describe male reproductive anatomy for these procedures. Detailed anatomical illustrations were created of the intra-abdominal location of the testicles, as well as their normal track through the abdominal musculature in the inguinal region to sit in a scrotal sac subcutaneously on either side of the vent and can guide practitioners in this procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1638\/2025-0086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T02:51:55Z","timestamp":1770087115000},"page":"166-173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["NORMAL REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY AND DESCRIPTION OF TWO VASECTOMY APPROACHES IN THE NORTH AMERICAN BEAVER (CASTOR CANADENSIS)"],"prefix":"10.1638","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6400-7066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia","family":"Hopf-Dennis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Bloodgood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Childs-Sanford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1213","reference":[{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Br Hossack, Wr Gould, Da Patla, et al.  \"Biological Conservation.\"  187, \"Trends in Rocky Mountain amphibians and the role of beaver as a keystone species.\" 260 (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2015.05.005"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MK Agnew, CS Asa, AD Franklin, et al.  \"J zoo wild med.\"  52, \"Deslorelin (Suprelorin) use in North American and European Zoos and Aquariums: Taxonomic Scope, Dosing, and Efficacy.\" 427 (2021)","DOI":"10.1638\/2020-0217"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CS. Asa,  \"Proc 22nd Vertebr. Pest conf.\"  22, \"AZA reproductive management center programs.\" 121 (2006)","DOI":"10.5070\/V422110305"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C Asa  and M Agnew  \"Zoo and wild animal medicine.\"  8, \"Contraception.\" 735 (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4557-7397-8.00088-8"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FFPC Barros, PPM Teixeira, MEBAMC Conceicao, et al.  \"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae.\"  44, \"Vasectomy in Spotted Paca (Cuniculus paca).\" 175 (2016)","DOI":"10.22456\/1679-9216.82587"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Bonaffini, M Serpieri, C Ottino, et al.  \"Animals.\"  13, \"Laparoscopic Salpingectomy and Vasectomy to Inhibit fertility in free-ranging nutrias (Myocastor coypus).\" 1092 (2023)","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13061092"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DR. 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Zool.\"  76, \"Persistent paramesonephric ducts (masculine uterus) in the male North American beaver (Castor canadensis).\" 1188 (1998)","DOI":"10.1139\/z98-037"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W Mollineau, A Adogwa, N Jasper, et al.  \"Anat Histol Embryol.\"  35, \"The gross anatomy of the male reproductive system of a neotropical rodent: the agouti (Dasyprota leporine).\" 47 (2005)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.2005.00656.x"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DJ. Osborn,  \"American Society of Mammalogists.\"  36, \"Techniques of Sexing Beaver, Castor canadensis.\" 141 (1955)","DOI":"10.2307\/1375754"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Roug, E Doden, T Griffin, et al.  \"J Zoo Wild Med.\"  58, \"Health Screening of American Beavers (Castor candadensis) in Utah, USA.\" 902 (2022)","DOI":"10.7589\/JWD-D-22-00020"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Roug, W Lance, T Vroom, et al.  \"J Wild Disease.\"  55, \"Immobilization of American Beaver (Castor canadensis) with Nalbuphine, Medetomidine, and Azaperone.\" 699 (2019)","DOI":"10.7589\/2018-10-260"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GE. Svendson,  \"J. Mamm.\"  59, \"Castor and Anal Glands of the Beaver (Castor canadensis.\" 618 (1978)","DOI":"10.2307\/1380239"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GE. Svendsen,  \"The American Midland Naturalist.\"  104, \"Population Parameters and Colony Composition of Beaver (Castor canadensis) in Southeast Ohio.\" 47 (1980)","DOI":"10.2307\/2424957"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:23:27Z","timestamp":1791235407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine\/volume-57\/issue-1\/2025-0086\/NORMAL-REPRODUCTIVE-ANATOMY-AND-DESCRIPTION-OF-TWO-VASECTOMY-APPROACHES-IN\/10.1638\/2025-0086.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1638\/2025-0086","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-7260","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]}}}