{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:57:58Z","timestamp":1791244678760,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Zygocotylidae Ward, 1917 is a compact family of amphistome digeneans that until now comprised 2 genera, each represented by a single species: Zygocotyle lunata (Diesing, 1836) Stunkard, 1916 and Wardius zibethicus Barker and East, 1915 in Barker 1915. Despite highly similar morphology, these genera are separated based on the presence (Zygocotyle) or absence (Wardius) of posterolateral projections (=lappets) on the ventral sucker and esophageal bulb. In the present study, we generated partial large ribosomal subunit (28S), internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rDNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences of Z. lunata from several hosts (12 avian and 1 rodent species) throughout North and South America as well as 28S and COI sequences of W. zibethicus from muskrat in North America. The newly generated 28S sequences were used for sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis. The COI sequences were used for species-level comparisons. Our analysis revealed a close relationship and high sequence similarity between Z. lunata and W. zibethicus. Considering the low morphological and genetic differences, we synonymize Zygocotyle Stunkard, 1916 with Wardius Barker and East, 1915 in Barker 1915 and transfer Z. lunata to Wardius as Wardius lunatus (Diesing, 1836) n. comb.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1645\/24-114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T03:47:32Z","timestamp":1739159252000},"page":"41-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Re-Evaluation of Zygocotyle (Digenea, Paramphistomoidea) Based on New Genetic Data Supports Its Synonymization with Wardius"],"prefix":"10.1645","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Achatz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, Middle Georgia State University, Macon, Georgia 31206."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn W.","family":"Cleveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Orlofske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin\u2013Stevens Point, Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Jadin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Lawrence University, Appleton, Wisconsin 54911."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois 60625."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa K.","family":"Belden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hudson A.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5084-7566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasyl V.","family":"Tkach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1220","reference":[{"key":"37","unstructured":"V. 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(Platyhelminthes: Digenea) from the northern long-necked turtle, Chelodina rugosa (Pleurodira: Chelidae), in Australia.\" 404 (2007)","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-998R.1"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:35:49Z","timestamp":1791243349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-parasitology\/volume-111\/issue-1\/24-114\/A-Re-Evaluation-of-Zygocotyle-Digenea-Paramphistomoidea-Based-on-New\/10.1645\/24-114.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/24-114","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3395","1937-2345"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3395","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2345","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]}}}