{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:56:48Z","timestamp":1791248208786,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that infects most warm-blooded animals, including birds. Scavenging birds are epidemiologically important hosts because they can serve as indicators of environmental T. gondii levels. A rapid point-of-care (POC) test that detects antibodies to T. gondii in humans is commercially available. In this research, we assessed the ability of the human POC test to detect anti\u2013T. gondii antibodies in 106 black vultures (Coragyps atratus) and 23 ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) from Pennsylvania, USA. Serum samples were tested with the POC test and compared to the modified agglutination test (MAT) in a blinded study. Overall, anti\u2013T. gondii antibodies were detected in 2.8% (3\/106) of black vultures and 60.9% (14\/23) of ring-billed gulls by the POC test. One false-positive POC test occurred in a black vulture that was negative by MAT. False-negative results were obtained in 2 black vultures and 4 ring-billed gulls that had MAT titers of 1:25 or 1:50. The sensitivity and specificity of the POC for both black vultures and ring-billed gulls combined were 95.7% and 95.5%, respectively. This is the first study using human POC tests to detect antibodies to T. gondii in birds. Further study of the rapid test as a screening tool for serological surveillance of T. gondii in birds is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1645\/24-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:37:41Z","timestamp":1716943061000},"page":"206-209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rapid Point-Of-Care Testing for Detection of Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Black Vultures and Ring-Billed Gulls from Pennsylvania"],"prefix":"10.1645","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4596-9830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexa Rosypal","family":"von Dohlen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Johnson C. Smith University, Charlotte, North Carolina 28216."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Randall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Johnson C. Smith University, Charlotte, North Carolina 28216."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordyan","family":"Grays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Johnson C. Smith University, Charlotte, North Carolina 28216."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Dugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Johnson C. Smith University, Charlotte, North Carolina 28216."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Johnson C. Smith University, Charlotte, North Carolina 28216."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Van Why","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA APHIS, Wildlife Services, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17106."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sawsan","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Gerhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1220","reference":[{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. P. Dubey,  \"Veterinary Parasitology.\"  106, \"A review of toxoplasmosis in wild birds.\" 121 (2002)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00034-1"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Desmonts  and J. S. Remington  \"Journal of Clinical Microbiology.\"  11, \"Direct agglutination test for diagnosis of Toxoplasma infection: Method for increasing sensitivity and specificity.\" 562 (1980)","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.11.6.562-568.1980"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Love, O. C. Kwok, S. K. Verma, et al.  \"Journal of Wildlife Diseases.\"  52, \"Antibody prevalence and isolation of viable Toxoplasma gondii from raptors in the Southeastern USA.\" 653 (2016)","DOI":"10.7589\/2015-10-269"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. J. Burridge, W. J. Bigler, D. J. 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Esquivel Hernandez, et al.  \"Veterinary Parasitology.\"  205, \"Evaluation of a novel dried blood spot collection device (Hemaspot\u2122) to test blood samples collected from dogs for antibodies to Leishmania infantum.\" 338 (2014)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.07.031"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:40:06Z","timestamp":1791247206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-parasitology\/volume-110\/issue-3\/24-24\/Rapid-Point-Of-Care-Testing-for-Detection-of-Antibodies-to\/10.1645\/24-24.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/24-24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3395","1937-2345"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3395","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2345","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]}}}