{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:54:52Z","timestamp":1791244492678,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An updated checklist of adult thorny-headed worms (Acanthocephala) that parasitize wild North American amphibians and reptiles is presented: A total of 21 species grouped in 4 genera, 4 families, 2 orders, and 2 classes are registered; these infect a total of 19 species of reptiles and 17 species of amphibians in the region. An illustrated identification key for the families and genera listed is proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1645\/24-30","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:40:46Z","timestamp":1747788046000},"page":"250-261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adult Thorny-Headed Worm (Acanthocephala) Parasites of North American Herpetofauna: Checklist of Species and Identification Key to Families and Genera"],"prefix":"10.1645","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Manuel de","family":"Luna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Carretera a Ciudad Victoria km 145, C.P. 67700, Linares, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, M\u00e9xico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Olivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Zoology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Am\u00e9ricas, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7462-9501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane P.","family":"Barton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Garc\u00eda-Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Ciudad Universitaria, Pedro de Alba S\/N, C.P. 66455, San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, M\u00e9xico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1220","reference":[{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. A. Barger, V. E. Thatcher, B. B. 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Dezfuli  \"Journal of Parasitology.\"  81, \"Taxonomic notes on Polyacanthorhynchus kenyensis (Acanthocephala: Polyacanthorhynchidae) from Lake Naivasha, Kenya.\" 76 (1995)","DOI":"10.2307\/3284009"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"M. G. Anderson,  \"Ohio Journal of Science.\"  35, \"Some intestinal parasites of Natrix sipedon Linn., with notes on the identity of Ophiotaenia (Taenia) lactea Leidy with Ophiotaenia perspicua Larue.\" 78 (1935)"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. A. Barger,  \"Comparative Parasitology.\"  72, \"A new species of Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from turtles in Florida, U.S.A.\" 6 (2005)","DOI":"10.1654\/4167"},{"key":"16","unstructured":"H. J. Bennett  and H. G. Humes  \"Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences.\"  4, \"Helminth parasites of Amphiuma tridactylum and Siren lacertina from Louisiana.\" 242 (1938)"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"J. E. Bourque,  \"Studies on the population dynamics of helminth parasites in the yellow bellied turtle Pseudemys scripta scripta.\"  107 (1974)"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"M. Bravo-Hollis,  \"Anales del Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico.\"  17, \"Neoechinorhynchys emydis (Leidy, 1852) Van Cleave, 1913, par\u00e1sito del intestino de Chrysemys ornata.\" 187 (1946)"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. L. Buckner  and B. B. Nickol  \"Journal of Parasitology.\"  64, \"Redescription of Fessisentis vancleavei (Hughes and Moore 1943) Nickol 1972 (Acanthocephala: Fessisentidae).\" 635 (1978)","DOI":"10.2307\/3279950"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. L. Buckner  and B. B. 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Etges,  \"Ohio Journal of Science.\"  82, \"Helminths of the salamanders Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, Pseudotriton ruber, and Pseudotriton montanus (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from Ohio.\" 120 (1982)"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. De Luna, R. Garc\u00eda-Barrios, D. P. Barton, et al.  \"Journal of Parasitology.\"  109, \"Adult tapeworm (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) parasites of North American herpetofauna: Checklist of species and identification key to families and genera.\" 377 (2023)","DOI":"10.1645\/23-6"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. De Luna, R. Garc\u00eda-Barrios, D. P. Barton, et al.  \"Journal of Parasitology.\"  110, \"Clitellate (Annelida: Clitellata) parasites and predators of North American Herpetofauna: Checklist of species, identification key, and a new record from Mexico.\" 537 (2024)","DOI":"10.1645\/24-12"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. De Luna, R. Garc\u00eda-Barrios, D. P. Barton, et al.  \"Journal of Parasitology.\"  108, \"Tongue worm (Pentastomida) parasites of North American herpetofauna: Checklist of species, identification key, and new state and host records from Mexico.\" 582 (2022)","DOI":"10.1645\/22-52"},{"key":"32","unstructured":"T. T. Dunagan  and D. M. Miller  \"Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington.\"  40, \"Some morphological and functional observations on Fessisentis fessus Van Cleave (Acanthocephala) from the dwarf salamander, Siren intermedia Le Conte.\" 209 (1973)"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. H. Ernst,  \"Comparative Parasitology.\"  72, \"The type host of Neoechinorhynchus schmidti (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae): A correction.\" 118 (2005)","DOI":"10.1654\/4163"},{"key":"36","unstructured":"B. A. Everhart,  \"Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science.\"  38, \"Notes on the helminths of Pseudemys scripta elegans (Wied, 1838) in areas of Texas and Oklahoma.\" 38 (1958)"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Garc\u00eda-Varela  and L. Andrade-G\u00f3mez  \"Parasitology International.\"  81, \"First steps to understand the systematics of Echinorhynchidae Cobbold, 1876 (Acanthocephala), inferred through nuclear gene sequences.\" 102264 (2021)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2020.102264"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Garc\u00eda-Varela, L. Garc\u00eda-Prieto, R. P\u00e9rez-Rodr\u00edguez,  \"Parasitology International.\"  60, \"Molecular identification and first description of the male of Neoechinorhynchus schmidti (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae), a parasite of Trachemys scripta (Testudins) in M\u00e9xico.\" 433 (2011)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.07.005"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Garc\u00eda-Varela, B. Mendoza-Garfias, A. Choudhury, et al.  \"Systematic Parasitology.\"  94, \"Morphological and molecular data for a new species of Pomphorhynchus Monticelli, 1905 (Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchidae) in the Mexican redhorse Moxostoma austrinum Bean (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) in central Mexico.\" 989 (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-017-9756-y"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Garc\u00eda-Varela  and G. P\u00e9rez-Ponce De Le\u00f3n  \"Parasite Diversity and Diversification: Evolutionary Ecology Meets Phylogenetics.\"  \"Advances in the classification of acanthocephalans: Evolutionary history and evolution of the parasitism.\" 182 (2015)","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139794749.013"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Garc\u00eda-Varela  and C. D. Pinacho-Pinacho  \"Journal of Helminthology.\"  94, \"Molecular characterization of Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus Van Cleave, 1913 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae), a parasite of the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in northern Mexico.\" 1 (2018)","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X18001104"},{"key":"46","unstructured":"S. R. Goldberg, C. R. Bursey, H. J. Holshuh,  \"Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington.\"  65, \"Prevalence and distribution of cystacanths of an oligacanthorhynchid acanthocephalan from the longnose snake, Rhinocheilus lecontei (Colubridae), in southwestern North America.\" 262 (1998)"},{"key":"47","unstructured":"K. V. Haffner,  \"Zoologischer Anzeiger.\"  145, \"Organisation und systematische Stellung der Acanthocephalaen.\" 243 (1950)"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. J. Haley  and W. L. Bullock  \"American Midland Naturalist.\"  50, \"A new species of Acanthocephala from the sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus) with a redescription of the family Fessisentidae Van Cleave, 1931.\" 202 (1953)","DOI":"10.2307\/2422164"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. D. Harwood,  \"Journal of Parasitology.\"  18, \"Some parasites of Oklahoma turtles.\" 98 (1932)","DOI":"10.2307\/3271968"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. J. Holl,  \"Ecological Monographs.\"  2, \"The ecology of certain fishes and amphibians with special reference to their helminth and linguatulid parasites.\" 83 (1932)","DOI":"10.2307\/1943270"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. C. Hughes  and G. A. Moore  \"American Midland Naturalist.\"  29, \"Acanthocephalus vancleavei, a new echinorhynchid worm, from a salamander.\" 724 (1943)","DOI":"10.2307\/2421159"},{"key":"54","unstructured":"J. E. Joy  and S. W. Thomas  \"Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington.\"  64, \"Fessisentis necturorum (Acanthocephala: Fessisentidae) from the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus v. viridescens, in West Virginia.\" 281 (1997)"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Y. Kita, S. F. Hiruta, M. Sasaki, et al.  \"Parasitology International.\"  94, \"Systematic position of the genus Metacanthocephalus Yamaguti, 1959 (Palaeacanthocephala: Echinorhynchida) inferred from molecular evidence, with a redescription of Metacanthocephalus ovicephalus (Zhukov, 1960).\" 102731 (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2023.102731"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. K. Koehler,  \"Journal of Experimental Zoology.\"  162, \"Some comparative fine structure relationships of the rotifer integument.\" 231 (1966)","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401620209"},{"key":"58","unstructured":"R. Lamothe-Argumedo, L. Garc\u00eda-Prieto, D. Osorio-Sarabia, et al.  \"Cat\u00e1logo de la Colecci\u00f3n Nacional de Helmintos.\"  211 (1969)"},{"key":"59","unstructured":"J. E. Landewe,  \"Helminth and arthropod parasites of salamanders from southern Illinois.\"  47 (1963)"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. R. Lincicome  and H. J. Van Cleave  \"American Midland Naturalist.\"  41, \"Distribution of Leptorhynchoides thecatus, a common acanthocephalan parasitic in fishes.\" 421 (1949)","DOI":"10.2307\/2421721"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. D. Malewitz,  \"American Midland Naturalist.\"  55, \"Intestinal parasitism of some mid-western salamanders.\" 434 (1956)","DOI":"10.2307\/2422604"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. T. Mcallister, M. A. Barger, J. N. Stuart,  \"Comparative Parasitology.\"  75, \"Neoechinorhynchus emyditoides Fisher, 1960 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from the Mexican Plateau slider, Trachemys gaigeae (Testudines: Emydidae), in New Mexico, U.S. A.\" 135 (2008)","DOI":"10.1654\/4308.1"},{"key":"71","unstructured":"C. T. Mcallister  and R. W. Koch  \"Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science.\"  99, \"Acanthocephalans (Eoacanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchida: Neoechinorhynchidae) of common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) from Arkansas and Oklahoma, with observations on host suitability.\" 54 (2019)"},{"key":"72","unstructured":"C. T. Mcallister, S. E. Trauth, C. R. Bursey,  \"Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington.\"  62, \"Metazoan parasites of the graybelly salamander, Eurycea multiplicata griseogaster (Caudata: Plethodontidae), from Arkansas.\" 70 (1995)"},{"key":"73","unstructured":"D. F. Mcalpine,  \"Alytes.\"  14, \"Acanthocephala parasitic in North American amphibians: A review with new records.\" 115 (1996)"},{"key":"74","unstructured":"D. F. Mcalpine,  \"Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington.\"  64, \"Fessisentis acutulus (Van Cleave, 1931) comb. n. (Acanthocephala: Fessisentidae): A parasite of caudate amphibians in North America, with comments on the single North American report of A. ranae (Schrank, 1788).\" 142 (1997)"},{"key":"75","unstructured":"T. J. Mcknight,  \"A taxonomic study of the helminth parasites of the turtles of Lake Texoma.\"  55 (1958)"},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Moravec  and D. G. Huffman  \"Folia Parasitologica.\"  47, \"Three new helminth species from two endemic plethodontid salamanders, Typhlomolge rathbuni and Eurycea nana, in central Texas.\" 186 (2000)","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2000.036"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. B. 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Oetinger,  \"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society.\"  106, \"Effects of Acanthocephalus dirus (Acanthocephala) on morphometrics and reproduction of Caecidotea intermedius (Crustacea: Isopoda).\" 240 (1987)","DOI":"10.2307\/3226253"},{"key":"85","unstructured":"G. P\u00e9rez-Ponce De Le\u00f3n  and L. Garc\u00eda-Prieto  \"Biodiversitas.\"  37, \"Diversidad de helmintos par\u00e1sitos de vertebratdos silvestres de M\u00e9xico.\" 7 (2001)"},{"key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M.-J. Perrot-Minnot, C. S. Cozzarolo, O. Amin, et al.  \"Parasite.\"  30, \"Hooking the scientific community on thorny-headed worms: Interesting and exciting facts, knowledge gaps and perspectives for research directions on Acanthocephala.\" 1 (2023)","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2023026"},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. S. Rankin,  \"Ecological Monographs.\"  7, \"An ecological study of parasites of some North Carolina salamanders.\" 170 (1937)","DOI":"10.2307\/1943289"},{"key":"90","unstructured":"R. J. Reiber,  \"Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science.\"  5, \"Nematodes of Amphibia and Reptilia I. Reelfoot Lake Tennessee.\" 92 (1941)"},{"key":"93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Rosen  and W. C. Marquardt  \"Journal of Parasitology.\"  64, \"Helminth parasites of the red-eared turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans) in Central Texas.\" 1148 (1978)","DOI":"10.2307\/3279759"},{"key":"98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Sielaff, H. Schmidt, T. H. Strunk, et al.  \"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.\"  96, \"Phylogeny of Syndermata (syn. Rotifera): Mitochondrial gene order verifies epizoic Seisonidea as sister to endoparasitic Acanthocephala within monophyletic Hemirotifera.\" 79 (2016)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2015.11.017"},{"key":"99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Smales,  \"Gastrotricha and Gnathifera.\"  \"Acanthocephala.\" 317 (2015)","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110274271.317"},{"key":"102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. L. Steinauer  and B. B. Nickol  \"Journal of Parasitology.\"  101, \"Revision of Leptorhynchoides thecatus (Acanthocephala: Illiosentidae) with morphometric analysis and description of six new species.\" 193 (2015)","DOI":"10.1645\/14-644.1"},{"key":"103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. Storch  and U. Welsch  \"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Zellforschung.\"  95, \"\u00dcber den Aufbau des Rotatorienintegumentes.\" 405 (1969)","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00995213"},{"key":"104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. 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A new species of the genus Acanthocephalus.\" 46 (1931)","DOI":"10.2307\/3222475"},{"key":"109","unstructured":"A. C. Walton,  \"Contributions from the Biological Laboratories of Knox College.\"  79, \"The Acanthocephala as parasites of Amphibia.\" 1 (1942)"},{"key":"110","unstructured":"M. West, T. P. Scott, S. R. Simcik, et al.  \"Comparative Parasitology.\"  67, \"New records of endohelminths of the alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) from Arkansas and Louisiana, U.S. A.\" 122 (2000)"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. M. Fisher,  \"Journal of Parasitology.\"  46, \"On Acanthocephala of turtles, with the description of Neoechinorhynchus emyditoides n. sp.\" 257 (1960)","DOI":"10.2307\/3275185"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. R. 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Shuster,  \"Invertebrates.\"  1104 (2016)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:16:06Z","timestamp":1791242166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/journal-of-parasitology\/volume-111\/issue-3\/24-30\/Adult-Thorny-Headed-Worm-Acanthocephala-Parasites-of-North-American-Herpetofauna\/10.1645\/24-30.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/24-30","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3395","1937-2345"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3395","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2345","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]}}}